How is congenital ptosis treated?

  Congenital ptosis is an autosomal dominant recessive disorder and is the most common type of ptosis in children. It is mainly due to hypoplasia of the levator aponeurosis muscle or abnormal development and malfunction of the nerve that innervates it. It is often associated with habitual forehead wrinkling, shoulder shrugging, and head tilting, which can affect the child’s appearance in mild cases or lead to amblyopia, which can affect visual function.  In children with mild or moderate ptosis, surgery can be delayed until about 5 years of age without affecting vision, whereas in children with severe ptosis, surgery is needed earlier to save visual function, as early as 4 months of age has been reported.  In mild or moderate congenital ptosis, the levator muscle is shortened and folded; in severe congenital ptosis, the frontalis flap suspension is used, which is effective and avoids rejection by not using a foreign suspension.