The rehabilitation of hemiplegia is a long-term and lengthy work, which is affected by time, energy, family members and other conditions, and it is impossible to fully recover by relying on hospital institutions alone. Patients still need to return to their community and family environment, rely on and make use of community conditions, continue rehabilitation training, enhance and compensate for the disabled functions, so as to achieve self-care as much as possible, and strive to achieve overall rehabilitation and return to society.
Medical gymnastics is mainly designed for the early stage of weakness and spasticity of the affected limb in stroke patients. During this period, the active activities on the healthy side are the main activities, and the passive activities on the affected side are supplementary. This is an important part of home care for hemiplegic patients. Because the patient is bedridden for a long time and cannot move, the physiological function of the whole body organs decreases, such as muscle atrophy gradually, heart and lung function decreases, which in turn affects the respiration and circulation. Therefore, rehabilitation exercises are beneficial to the recovery of the disease body, and should be gradual and persistent.
Section 1 combing hair with healthy hands
Turn the head to the affected side, use the healthy hand to comb from the healthy side of the forehead to the back of the head and neck, requiring the fingers to press the scalp and slowly push backwards, repeat 20 times.
Section 2 Squeeze the affected hand
Place the patient’s arm in front of the chest with the healthy hand, use the thumb and index finger of the healthy hand to squeeze each finger along the affected side from the distal end to the proximal end, and press firmly on the root of the proximal end of the finger for 20s. Repeat for each finger 5 times.
Section 3: Healthy hand strike
Place the affected arm in front of the chest and use the palm of the healthy hand to pat from the affected shoulder along the lateral side of the upper limb to the hand, performing 20 round-trips. If the clothing is thicker, you can clench your fist and clasp it.
Section 4 forked grip on the affected hand
Cross the affected hand with the healthy hand in front of the chest, press the thumb of the affected hand on the thumb of the healthy hand, then the healthy hand drives the affected hand to lift forward or up over the head until both elbow joints are completely straight, hold for 10s and then recover, repeat 20 times.
Section 5: Circumferential face washing
Grasp the affected hand with the healthy hand to make it stretch, and then drive the healthy hand to imitate face washing in the forward and reverse direction, repeat 10 times.
Section 6 Bridge exercise
Lie down, bend your legs, lift your buttocks from the bed and keep it in a horizontal position, with the family helping on the affected side if necessary. When this activity can be completed, the patient can lift the healthy foot and put all the weight on the affected leg and keep it in a horizontal position as well.
Section 7 resistance leg clenching
Both lower limbs are flexed at the hip and knee, both feet are supported on the bed, the affected leg is fixed by others, and then the healthy leg is brought closer to the affected leg, while others exert some resistance on the inside of the healthy knee to enhance the strength to complete the resistance leg clamping, repeat 20 times.
Section 8 leg crossover swing
The affected leg is passively supported by flexing the hip and knee, fixed at the foot by others, the healthy leg is crossed over the affected knee, and the hip is swung to the left and right driven by the healthy leg, during the activity, the healthy leg is required to play a fixed role on the affected leg, repeat 20 times.
Section 9 straight leg raise
Straighten and raise the lower limb on the healthy side by 30°, hold for 10s, or hold the healthy leg on the affected leg for straight leg raise, repeat 5 times.
Section 10 Hand-foot touch
Use the healthy hand to touch the back of the healthy foot, repeat 10 times.
Section 11: Knee strike with the healthy foot
Hit the affected knee with the heel of the healthy foot, and tap back and forth from below the knee along the anterolateral side of the lower leg from above to the lateral side of the foot 10 times.
Section 12 breathing exercises
In the supine position, perform slow deep exhalation and deep inhalation exercises.
Section 13 knee hugging exercise
The patient lies supine with legs bent, holds both knees with forked hands, lifts the head up and gently swings back and forth 10 times.