Autologous kidney transplantation was first used in the treatment of renal vascular hypertension. However, with the continuous improvement of this technique, the clinical indications have been expanded and can be applied to the treatment of long segment ureteral defects, renal vascular injuries, and malignant tumors of the independent kidney. autologous kidney transplantation was first applied to severe ureteral injuries in 1963. Our group has completed four autologous kidney transplants in the past five years, including two cases with severe ureteral defects due to medical factors and two cases due to renal aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm. All four patients recovered well. Case 1: Patient Zhang, a 36-year-old female, underwent radical treatment of left hemicolectomy for colon cancer in a foreign hospital, and inadvertently removed about 20 cm of the left ureter (the full length of adult ureter is about 25 cm) during the operation. After careful consideration, she was treated with an autologous kidney transplant, and her left kidney was cut off and transplanted into the pelvis, which perfectly solved the ureteral defect and greatly improved her quality of life. Case 2: Patient Li, a 48-year-old male, had abdominal aortic aneurysm involving bilateral renal arteries, and one kidney had atrophied and lost its function. If the still functional side of the kidney was not saved, the patient would become uremic and rely on hemodialysis treatment. After thorough preparation, our team performed an autograft followed by an intracavitary isolation of the abdominal aorta, which completely solved the patient’s two major hidden problems.