Psychiatric co-morbidity in patients with dizziness and vertigo?

  The lifetime prevalence of dizziness and vertigo approaches 30%. In many cases, these symptoms are not well explained by organic disease; in fact, many are associated with psychiatric disorders. A study published in the Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry showed that nearly half of such patients have co-morbid psychiatric disorders.  This cross-sectional study was conducted by LahmannC et al. from the Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy at the Technical University of Munich to assess the presence of psychiatric co-morbidities and impaired psychosocial functioning in a large sample of patients with dizziness and vertigo. The study was conducted between May 2010 and June 2012 and a total of 860 subjects were eligible for enrollment. 547 subjects were enrolled from the German Research Center for Dizziness and Balance Disorders at the Munich University Hospital, a specialized interdisciplinary dizziness and vertigo clinic. The subjects were 44.1% male, aged 54.8 ± 16.0 years, and almost all (91.5%) subjects had a chronic course of dizziness and vertigo (≥3 months).  Diagnostic assessments included standardized physical examinations such as complete neurological examination, neuro-otology, and neuro-ophthalmology; structured clinical interview for major psychiatric disorders (SCID-I); and self-assessment questionnaires on dizziness, depression, anxiety, somatization, and quality of life, including the Vertigo Disability Scale, Vertigo Symptom Inventory, and Beck Depression Questionnaire Revised.  The results showed that 1, the proportion of subjects with organic and non-organic dizziness/vertigo was 80.8% (n=442) and 19.2% (n=105), respectively; 2, among those with organic dizziness/vertigo, the most common diagnosis was vestibular migraine (n=95), followed by benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV, n=87), Meniere’s disease (n=81), bilateral vestibular lesions (n=45), vestibular paroxysms (n=43), multisensory impairment (n=42), central vertigo (n=38), vestibular neuritis (n=29), polyneuropathy (n=26), and unilateral vestibular loss (n=20); 3. 48.8% of subjects had a presenting disorder diagnosed via the SCID-I, the most common of which was anxiety/phobia (n= 158), followed by somatization (n=136), mood disorders (n=104), substance use disorders (n=16), and eating disorders (n=4); 115 patients had multiple psychiatric co-morbidities; 4. 42.5% of subjects in the organic dizziness/vertigo group had psychiatric co-morbidities, and those with vestibular paroxysms and vestibular migraines had higher co-morbidity rates; 5. Patients with dizziness/vertigo with psychiatric co-morbidity reported more impaired vertigo-related functioning, higher levels of depression, anxiety and somatization, and lower psychologically related quality of life compared to those without co-morbidity.