Objective To analyze the factors, diagnosis and treatment of postoperative anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stricture in type III esophageal atresia. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 46 cases of type III esophageal atresia admitted to our hospital, and analyzed the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal atresia, the factors affecting the occurrence of postoperative anastomotic leakage and anastomotic stenosis, as well as the diagnosis and treatment. Results: Anastomotic leakage occurred in 11 out of 46 children, and anastomotic stenosis was found in 7 out of 28 children who were followed up. Conclusion: The occurrence of anastomotic leakage after esophageal atresia is related to the distance between the blind ends of the esophagus and the blood supply of the anastomosis, which can be cured spontaneously by non-surgical treatment, while anastomotic stenosis is closely related to anastomotic leakage, and the treatment should be performed after the emergence of dysphagia with balloon dilatation. Chen Xinjian, Department of Pediatric Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China