Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus. It is more prevalent in winter and spring and is highly contagious, with an incidence of up to 95% in susceptible children, and is more common in preschoolers. The disease is generally self-limiting and heals itself in about 10 days. The clinical manifestations are characterized by fever and batches of circumscribed red papules, herpes and scabs on the skin mucous membranes, with mild systemic symptoms. There may be fever, headache, fatigue, sore throat, cough, nausea, loss of appetite and other prodromal symptoms before the rash appears. Herpes is often accompanied by itching, scratching may be secondary to infection to form pustules. The epidemic link: infectious source: chickenpox patients as the main source of infection, from 1 to 2 days before the rash of chickenpox to dry crust, are infectious. The main way of transmission: mainly through the air droplet transmission, direct contact with chickenpox herpes fluid or its contaminated utensils can also be transmitted. Susceptible people: generally susceptible, but preschoolers have the most incidence, but infants under 6 months of age are rare. Preventive measures: Help children to develop good hygiene habits and wash their hands regularly to avoid cross-infection of infectious diseases; open windows and ventilate school classrooms frequently to keep the indoor environment clean; healthy children should try not to play in public entertainment places during epidemics, and not to visit the homes of sick children to prevent contact infection. The chickenpox vaccination is also a good preventive measure. Children with chickenpox should be isolated immediately until all herpes have crusted over. The child’s respiratory tract and rash secretions contaminated clothing and utensils should be disinfected by exposure, boiling, ultraviolet radiation and other measures.