Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder of the skin that is pathologically based on a marked lack of melanocytes and melanin granules in the epidermis and often a complete lack of dopa-stain-positive melanocytes in the basal layer. The incidence has recently increased significantly. It has been reported that vitiligo can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as halo nevus, hyper- or hypothyroidism, chronic hepatitis, diabetes mellitus, connective tissue disease and baldness. The study of whether vitiligo and tumors are intrinsically linked and whether vitiligo is a tumor-associated skin disease has been reported. In recent years, more and more studies support that vitiligo is a disease closely related to autoimmunity. The presence of autoantibodies against melanocyte antigens in vitiligo patients and the level of antibodies are closely related to the activity of the disease.
From the perspective of cutaneous immunity, vitiligo may undergo the following processes: (i) release of melanocyte differentiation antigen (DA) from damaged MC; (ii) uptake and processing of MDA by antigen-presenting cells (especially skin dendritic cells); (iii) migration of antigen-presenting cells to skin-draining lymph nodes and delivery of MDA; (iv) activation and homing of MC-specific T cells to the skin; (v) specific killing of epidermal MC by effector T cells; (vi) persistent, low-dose MDA produced by MC injury maintains proliferation and activation of memory T cells; ⑦ humoral immune activation and leads to vitiligo spread. More restore In addition, according to our analysis of a large number of vitiligo patients, we also found that 32% accompanied by various other diseases, including gastric and duodenal ulcer accounted for about 40%, glomerulonephritis accounted for 15%, hepatitis accounted for 15%, hypertension 10%, tuberculosis (including tuberculosis, endometrial tuberculosis and cervical lymph node tuberculosis) 10% and other visceral diseases accounted for about 10%. The relationship between vitiligo and these diseases is not clear, but from these concomitant diseases, gastrointestinal diseases are more, especially gastric ulcer disease. The occurrence of ulcer disease has a clearer relationship with psycho-neurological factors, which, in turn, may be one of the causes of vitiligo.