The skull is a very important group of skeletal tissues in the human body. If the brain is compared to the headquarters of the human body, then the skull is the strong fortress where the headquarters is located, playing a pivotal role in defense, protection and support. Cranial defects are now a relatively common condition, and there are many situations in life that can lead to cranial defects. What causes craniosynostosis? What are the dangers of cranial defects? And why do some patients develop infections after cranial repair surgery? Today, let me give you a detailed answer. Causes of Cranial Defects Cranial defects are considered to be abnormal accidents in our lives, but the incidence is quite high. In fact, the reasons that may lead to cranial defects in life are manifold, mainly summarized as follows: 1, due to trauma. This one is more common, including open craniocerebral trauma or firearm penetrating injury. For example, traffic accidents, production safety accidents, falling objects, fights and so on, may suffer from severe craniocerebral trauma, and lead to skull defects. 2.Surgery. Due to closed craniocerebral injury, cerebral hemorrhage, brain tumor, subdural hematoma and so on caused by intracranial hypertension, and after decompression surgery to remove the bone flap, leaving skull defects. 3.Cranial bone itself. Due to pediatric growth skull fracture, or cranial osteomyelitis, cranial osteoma and other cranial bone itself lesions caused by the damage to the skull or surgical resection of the lesion, resulting in cranial defects. Harmful effects of cranial defects As we mentioned earlier, the cranium is the strongest fortress of the human body and plays an important role. Therefore, if a skull defect occurs, it will bring a series of hazards. I summarize the following hazards for skull defects: 1, first of all, the defect of the skull makes the brain tissue lack of strong protection, and directly exposed to all kinds of dangers in the outside world, it is easy to be injured by the outside world, which is very dangerous, and sometimes may even be fatal. 2, secondly, the skull is the strongest fortress of the human command. 2, secondly, the defect of the skull destroys the original complete and closed cranial cavity environment, the intracranial pressure is unstable, the cerebrospinal fluid circulation and blood circulation in the cranium are affected, and all the neurological functions and vital activities can not run normally, which will cause various neurological symptoms. Some patients will have symptoms such as dizziness and headache, and in addition, patients have fear of pulsation, bulging and collapsing of the defect area, as well as fear of the sun, fear of vibration and even fear of noisy sounds. It may also cause inattention, memory loss, fatigue, reticence and so on. 3, in addition, the defect of the skull may lead to the collapse or expansion of the skull, the appearance of the skull is extremely unattractive, and even some people seem to be a bit scary, will also have a psychological impact on the patient, some patients will have depression and low self-esteem, unwilling to go out, unwilling to meet people, do not take part in social activities, seriously affecting the normal work and life. As soon as possible for cranial bone repair is a good policy Since the skull defect has such a serious harm, so after the occurrence of skull defects patients should how to deal with it? Currently, the main strategy for craniosynostosis is to undergo cranial repair surgery in a timely manner. Cranial repair is a very routine procedure in neurosurgery. Cranial repair involves repairing the defective area of the skull with an external replacement material. Successful cranial bone repair surgery can reconstruct a complete and beautiful cranial shape for patients with cranial defects, rebuild a closed and stable cranial cavity environment, play a strong protective role for the brain and soft tissues inside the skull, ensure intracranial blood circulation, cerebrospinal fluid circulation and the good operation of various neurological functions, and improve a series of adverse symptoms caused by cranial defects to a large extent, so that patients can recover their health as soon as possible and return to their normal life and work. Restore normal life and work. Improper repair materials may lead to postoperative infection, etc. The factors that have a greater impact on the effect of repair are the choice of repair materials and the operator’s skill level. Historically, the medical profession has used autogenous bone, animal bone, cellulose, methacrylic resin, polyethylene, silicone rubber, coral, ceramics, hydroxyapatite, calcium phosphate cement, plexiglass, and so on, but they are no longer used for one reason or another. At present, the more widely used in the clinic is titanium mesh material, this material has certain progress and advantages over the previous materials, but there are still some problems in clinical use. Clinical use of titanium mesh material for repair patients often occur postoperative infection, rejection, and so on, and even cause damage to the scalp tissue, titanium mesh material exposure; titanium mesh as a metal material, insulation is not good, the patient is easy to be sensitive to the external environment of cold and hot, resulting in discomfort; titanium mesh material is a cover type of repair, the edge of the material may be on the scalp tissue to cause cutting damage and irritation; titanium mesh is not hard enough, and often in the clinic due to external force, the hardness of the titanium mesh material, the patient’s scalp tissue may be cut. Clinical often appear due to external impact and collapse cases, can not play a proper protective role; titanium mesh this metal material, will interfere with the transmission of radiation, affecting the postoperative CT MRI and other examinations, imaging results appear artifacts, interfere with the diagnosis; titanium mesh material molding effect is also not very ideal …… Some patients have failed to repair due to improper materials, and in many cases, they have to undergo cranial repair surgery again, which brings greater pain and greater economic burden. Polyether ether ketone PEEK material, the new trend of cranial bone repair material I am currently widely used in clinical cranial bone repair material is polyether ether ketone, which is often referred to as PEEK material. This is currently a very advanced cranial bone repair material, is a special polymer material, all the properties are very excellent, and the autologous cranial bone is comparable to the PEEK material, good tissue compatibility, basically will not appear rejection, infection and other problems; PEEK material basically does not conduct heat, thermal insulation is very good, will not be stimulated by the outside world of hot and cold; PEEK material is embedded in the repair, the material is smoothly articulated with the bone window, there will be no cutting damage; PEEK material is embedded repair, material and bone windows, will not Cutting damage; PEEK material has high mechanical strength, strong impact resistance, good protective performance, will not be deformed by external forces and collapse; PEEK material does not affect the transmission of various radiation, the patient will not have any interference in the postoperative CT MRI and other medical examinations; PEEK material is based on the patient’s cranial data personalized three-dimensional reconstruction of the patient’s production, a high degree of restoration of the cranial structure, molding Good effect, perfect recovery …… Because of its excellent performance, good postoperative effect, the current polyether ether ketone PEEK material is favored by neurosurgeons and patients with cranial defects and their families, and is gradually becoming a new trend in cranial bone repair materials. Not only the application of excellent performance of the repair material, the team in clinical practice also continue to improve and upgrade the surgical skills, personalized and scientific surgical program development, fine and complete separation of the subcutaneous layers of tissue, pioneering material edge groove design, unique thickness, mesh design, scientific and perfect management of the perioperative period and so on. New technology and new materials effectively reduce the occurrence of various complications and win better recovery for patients.