Common diseases requiring bronchoscopy include: 1. benign and malignant tumors of the bronchi and lungs; 2. endobronchial and pulmonary tuberculosis; 3. unexplained cough with blood or blood in sputum; 4. CT or X-ray findings of limited shadows in the lungs of a nature to be determined; 5. the diagnosis of diffuse shadows and the diagnosis of causes of pulmonary atelectasis and obstructive pneumonia are of great significance; 6. 7. the diagnosis of infectious diseases; 7. persistent cough of unknown origin; or chronic cough with recent changes in nature and frequency; 8. hoarseness of voice of unknown origin. In conclusion, we found that in clinical work, many diseases are detected early by X-ray and bronchoscopy, and early diagnosis is especially important for patients with lung cancer. The therapeutic role of bronchoscopy is not well understood by patients, but in fact, its role in treatment is no less than in diagnosis. In fact, its role in treatment is not less than that in diagnosis. In simple terms, it can aspirate obstructions such as sputum and foreign bodies from the trachea, remove secretions, perform repeated local suctioning, irrigation and lavage of the lungs, locally instill drugs, guide tracheal intubation, and observe mucosal changes after intubation. For more complicated ones, it can be used for local electric knife and argon knife to remove tumor in bronchus, and also can be used directly to stop bleeding, place stents in trachea with stenosis caused by various etiologies, and carry out local radiotherapy, etc. In conclusion, bronchoscopic treatment techniques are becoming more and more widely used and cannot be replaced by other means. Bronchoscopy is usually inserted through the nose or mouth, and the doctor will also administer various kinds of anesthesia as needed, and it is not too painful. It can be said that as long as the patient sets a good attitude and actively cooperates with the treatment. It is completely tolerable. There are some people who are not suitable for bronchoscopy. For example: people who absolutely cannot do bronchoscopy include: 1, patients with extreme failure; people with severe heart disease, heart rhythm disorders, more severe hypertension (BP〉160/100mmHG); 2, people with recent unstable angina or myocardial infarction; people with severe respiratory insufficiency; 3, people with severe bleeding tendency; 4, people with pulmonary hypertension, arteriovenous fistula, aortic aneurysm 4. people with pulmonary hypertension, arteriovenous fistula, aortic aneurysm; people with allergy to anesthetics. There are also some that are relatively contraindicated, such as those who are mentally unstable and uncooperative, those who are in the acute infection period of high fever, those who cough up blood in a larger amount and those who are in the acute attack of asthma, although they are also not suitable for bronchoscopy, which can be decided according to the specific situation. In addition, we would like to remind you that the day before the bronchoscopy or the day before, patients should relax physically and mentally, rest well, and fast for 4-6 hours and 2-3 hours before the procedure to avoid infection caused by water or food reflux into the airways during the examination.