Recently, a round of enterohemorrhagic E. coli outbreaks in many European countries has attracted the world’s attention, according to the latest media reports, since April 25 to June 4, there have been more than 2,000 confirmed or suspected cases of enterohemorrhagic E. coli infection, hundreds of patients have developed a serious complication known as “hemolytic uremic syndrome”. At least 19 people have died. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) is a subtype of E. coli with several serotypes, of which the main pathogenic strain is O157:H7. Infected patients develop abdominal cramps and diarrhea after an incubation period of 3 to 8 days, some with bloody stool-like diarrhea. The majority of patients recover within 10 days, but a few can be complicated by hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The causative agent of the outbreak was found by preliminary genetic sequencing to be a mutant combining two different E. coli genes, with about 80% of the genes coming from the serotype O104 E. coli and the remaining 20% from another E. coli that can reside in the intestine for a longer period of time and is highly resistant to antibiotics. Of particular concern is the high incidence of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a clinical triad that presents with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure. The syndrome was first reported in 1955, but it was not until 1985 that it was found to be closely associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection. In China, cases have been reported in a number of provinces and cities since 1986, with outbreaks of mainly hemolytic-uremic syndrome occurring in three provinces, Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan, from 1999 to 2000; 583 cases were found in Japan during the five years from 1986 to 1990; hundreds of cases have occurred each year in the United States in recent years, with the same high season as the high season for E. coli, and 90% of childhood cases occurring after diarrhea Afterwards. The most common prodromal symptom of hemolytic-uremic syndrome is bloody diarrhea with severe abdominal pain and vomiting after E. coli infection. In addition to enterohemorrhagic E. coli, many bacteria and viruses such as S. dysenteriae, S. typhi, Streptococcus pneumoniae, rickettsial-like microorganisms, EBV, and coxsackievirus can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome. After the prodromal symptoms, the patient rapidly develops acute renal failure manifested by hematuria, oliguria, anuria, and moderate to severe anemia within a short period of time. This anemia is a microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in which more than 1% of the patient’s peripheral blood smears can be seen microscopically with broken red blood cells. In addition, there is thrombocytopenia and the patient will have bleeding of the skin and mucous membranes. The diagnosis of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is made if the patient also presents with fever and central nervous system symptoms such as severe headache, confusion, coma, and seizures. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a clinical pentad of symptoms that includes fever and neurological dysfunction in addition to the triad of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Although the pathogenesis of thrombotic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura are not identical, the clinical manifestations are very similar and the pathology is characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), so in adults, it is usually referred to collectively as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura-hemolytic uremic syndrome (TTP-HUS). In children, thrombotic microangiopathy presenting after diarrhea is diagnosed as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. The standard treatment for hemolytic-uremic syndrome is early plasma exchange, while bactericidal treatment with antibiotics may aggravate the disease because on the one hand, antibiotics may release bacterial toxins that block capillaries and induce hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and on the other hand, the pathogenic bacteria that ravaged Europe this time are resistant to multiple antibiotics. The prognosis of hemolytic-uremic syndrome is poor, with acute renal failure and central nervous system damage being the main causes of initial death. The websites of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention have also issued timely health tips: pay attention to hand hygiene and pay attention to dietary hygiene, as the pathogenic bacterium is mainly transmitted through contaminated food.