The skin is an important part of the body’s image, and cosmetics can play an important role in improving the appearance of the skin, aiding in the treatment of skin diseases and bringing the skin to a healthy state. The correct choice of cosmetics can protect the skin’s natural barrier and maintain the skin’s physiological balance. Improperly selected cosmetics not only do not make the skin beautiful, but may also cause skin problems. Therefore, we should choose and use cosmetics wisely. Before choosing cosmetics, we should first evaluate and position the skin type correctly. We roughly divide the skin type into normal skin and skin in a state of disease, and then consider the following aspects of cosmetics selection.
I. Selection of cosmetics for normal skin
(a) Selecting different cosmetics according to skin type
Choosing cosmetics according to the different conditions of the skin will achieve better results. In the classification of skin we learn the primary and secondary classification, in the selection of cosmetics for normal people we mainly choose the cosmetic dosage form by the primary classification. The skin is classified as dry, normal or oily according to the water content of the stratum corneum and the secretion of the sebaceous glands. The main daily care for all types of skin is cleansing, moisturizing and sun protection, in addition to special treatments such as massages and masks. In general, the ideal cleanser removes oily secretions, dirt, dead cells and cosmetic residues from the skin surface, but does not remove any of the basic structural lipids of the stratum corneum such as ceramides or cholesterol that provide the barrier function for the skin. The role of moisturizers is to reduce evaporation of water from the skin surface, replenish stratum corneum lipids, enhance the barrier function of the skin, maintain stratum corneum moisture, and deeply moisturize the skin. The role of sunscreens is to protect the skin from ultraviolet rays (mainly UVA and UVB), protect the skin from photoaging and some skin malignant tumors.
1.Dry skin. Dry skin sebum secretion is reduced, easy to dry, produce tightness, wrinkles and pigmentation, need to moisturize, moisturize, prevent skin aging and pigmentation. Choose skin care products with cream and oil-based cosmetics. The cleanser should be used with hydrophilic and oleophilic substances, non-alkaline skin cleansers, both to achieve the purpose of cleaning, but also to maintain the natural moisture of the skin, it is generally advisable to use non-foaming, milder nature of the weak acidic cleanser; choose a good moisturizing effect of a small amount of oil, non-alcoholic soft skin moisturizing lotion, fully replenish the moisture of the skin; moisturizers are generally used oil-in-water cream type Skin care products, while containing sealing agents such as Vaseline and moisture-absorbing agents such as ceramide, hyaluronic acid, collagen or natural oils such as olive oil, etc., skin aging can be a serious choice of anti-wrinkle cream, pigment obvious people can choose whitening cream; sunscreen agent to cream and oil-based, generally choose SPF8-15, PA- in winter and spring, and SPF15-30, PA – in summer and autumn; if massage, massage medium should choose a better nourishing cream or oil, such as collagen massage cream, olive oil, etc.; mask can choose a better moisturizing effect of the mask, such as the finished film or cream mask can be used, but also pour hot film to promote blood circulation and accelerate the secretion of sebaceous glands.
2.Neutral skin. Is the most ideal skin state, can choose to use a relatively large range of cosmetics, based on moisturizing, can be appropriate to remove oil astringent or whitening. Neutral skin care should pay attention to the selection of different cosmetics with climate change. In summer, when the skin is oily, you can choose a foamy, weak alkaline cleanser, and in the rest of the season, you can choose a cleanser that has a moisturizing and nourishing effect on the skin; in summer, you can use an astringent lotion to tighten the skin, and in the rest of the season, you can use a moisturizing lotion to nourish the skin; in spring and summer, you can use an oil-in-water type of milk and dew type of refreshing moisturizer, and in autumn and winter, you can use an oil-in-water type of moisturizing and nourishing cream type of moisturizer; in terms of sunscreens In summer, you can use refreshing oil-in-water sunscreen lotion or sunscreen spray, the rest of the season use moisturizing oil-in-water sunscreen, generally choose SPF8-15, PA- in winter and spring, and SPF15-30, PA – in summer and autumn; if massage, hot climate sebum secretion can be used when the water-in-oil massage cream or massage.
3, oily skin. Oily skin has a lot of sebum secretion, large pores and prone to acne, so it is especially important to keep the skin clean and inhibit excessive sebum secretion. Although oily skin has a lot of oil, most of it is dehydrated, so it is important to pay attention to moisturizing while removing oil. Choose a neutral, mildly alkaline cleanser with a moisturizing effect, and do not wash your face too often. Excessive cleansing will stimulate the sebaceous glands to secrete more, causing a vicious cycle. The cosmetics choose astringent lotion or anti-acne toner, this kind of lotion can further cleanse the skin, so that the expansion of the hair follicle mouth contraction in the cleaning process.
In addition, there is also mixed skin, mixed skin both dry and oily skin characteristics, its dry and oily areas of the choice of cosmetics can refer to the above choices.
(B) Select cosmetics according to age
Different age groups have different skin physiological structures and functions, so the choice of cosmetics is also different. In infancy, the skin is young and tender, the resistance to disease is weak, the sebaceous glands have not yet developed, the barrier function is not sound, and it is easy to dry out. It is advisable to use creams or oils containing more oil and hypoallergenic skin care products, in addition to wearing hats, umbrellas and other general protection can choose SPF less than 15, PA or physical sunscreen with high safety and low irritation. During adolescence, sebum secretion becomes strong, and acne and folliculitis are likely to occur. The focus is on strengthening cleanliness, choosing appropriate oil control products, and paying attention to moisturizing and sun protection, with reference to cosmetic choices for oily skin. In middle age, the skin starts to become dry, lose elasticity and wrinkles begin to appear. At this stage, the skin tends to be neutral or dry, so pay attention to the use of oil-in-water moisturizers with nutrients and use sunscreen every day, with reference to the cosmetic choices for neutral or dry skin. After entering old age, the skin becomes thinner, paler, drier, looser, and more sensitive to the environment, especially for women, as they enter menopause and estrogen secretion decreases, these problems of the skin become more prominent. You can refer to the choice of cosmetics for dry skin and use products containing anti-aging ingredients such as alpha-hydroxy acids, retinoic acid and antioxidants appropriately.
(C) Choose cosmetics according to gender
Before puberty, there is no significant difference in the sebum content of the skin surface between men and women. After puberty (i.e. after the age of 13), the amount of sebum and water content on the forehead, which is rich in sebaceous glands, is not significantly different between men and women,
After the age of 50, due to changes in hormone levels during menopause, the sebum and water content of women decrease more significantly. Therefore, men need to choose cosmetics with less oil content, while women need to pay more attention to choosing cosmetics with high oil content.
(D) Choose cosmetics according to the parts
1.Eyes. The skin of the eyes is thin, with little fatty tissue, collagen and elastin, and the sebaceous glands are not on the surface of the skin, but the nerves and blood vessels are rich, so they are more prone to dryness, aging and microcirculation disorders than other parts. You can choose the cleanser according to the nature of the skin, no makeup need to deliberately clean, if makeup can be used for eye makeup remover oil cleaning, note that exfoliating cleanser can not be used for the eye; eye makeup should be used for hydration and nutrition purposes, should not use astringent type of makeup; young or oily skin can use water-in-oil eye lotion, eye gel.
2.Lips . The lips belong to the mucous membrane tissue, no stratum corneum, lack of sebaceous membrane, self-protection ability is poor. Lips generally do not use detergents, special circumstances such as dry lips, flaking affect makeup can be used scrubs.
3.Neck. The skin of the neck is also very thin, with less adipose tissue, collagen and elastin, fewer sebaceous glands than the face, and a very thin sebaceous film, which makes it easy for sagging and wrinkles to appear. The neck, due to less sebum secretion, does not need oil control and exfoliation. You can choose cosmetics with reference to the medium-dry skin care of the face, mainly choosing oil-in-water type cream moisturizers and sunscreens, and using neck film regularly.
4.Hands. Hand skin is easy to dry, one is related to its own physiological structure, the back of the hand sebaceous glands and sebum secretion less, the palm of the hand without sebaceous glands, lack of sebaceous film, while the keratin layer is thick; second is often exposed to the hands, easy to wind, sun, dirt and chemical damage and become dry. Therefore, the focus of hand skin care is moisturizing, choose a less alkaline hand sanitizer cleaning; oil-in-water type hand cream for moisturizing; choose massage cream massage; regular hand film; use sunscreen when going out.
5, the foot. The number of sebaceous glands in the skin on the back of the foot is small, and the skin on the bottom of the foot has no sebaceous glands and is prone to dryness and cracking. The soles of the feet are often pressed and friction, prone to corns, sweat glands are rich, sweaty and humid so that the feet are prone to odor and even ringworm. The focus of foot skin care is also moisturizing, foot cleaning can be used to bath foot lotion, can regularly exfoliate; choose a better moisturizing foot cream.
(E) according to the environment and geographical selection of cosmetics
Different regions have different climate characteristics. Northern China has a dry climate, dusty weather and strong ultraviolet radiation, while the south has a humid climate and relatively mild ultraviolet radiation, so the northern life needs to pay more attention to the choice of moisturizing and sunscreen cosmetics, while the humid weather in the south needs to avoid using cosmetics with large oil content to avoid affecting skin metabolism.
(F) Select cosmetics according to the season
Therefore, cosmetics should not only be chosen according to the nature of your skin, but also adjusted according to the season and climate.
1, spring climate gradually warm, skin metabolism gradually vigorous, sebaceous glands, sweat gland secretion gradually enhanced. In spring, various pollen and willow flakes are flying all over the sky, easily causing skin allergic reactions and facial dermatitis, the face should pay attention to clean care, according to the skin condition to choose cleanser, choose moisturizing effect of moisturizing lotion and skin cream. In addition, the intensity of ultraviolet rays strengthen, you can choose SPF 8-15, PA – of sunscreen.
2. In summer, when the UV rays are stronger and the climate is hot, the sebaceous glands are vigorous and more sebum and metabolic products accumulate on the surface of the skin, which can easily lead to acne due to the adhesion of external dust and bacteria. Oil control, sun protection and after-sun repair are the key. Choose a strong cleansing foam with low irritation; choose an astringent or oil-control lotion to reduce skin oil; choose a lotion, ㄠ惹逅乃托突し羝罚煌獬銮坝υ谄し袈 懵恫课煌可SPF15-30, PA sunscreen lotion or sunscreen spray, around the eyes should also be smeared with special sunscreen eye cream; if there is sunburn phenomenon can use after-sun repair cream. In addition, summer skin is prone to tanning, you can choose to use whitening skin care products at night.
3.Autumn The temperature and humidity decrease, and the skin metabolism gradually weakens. The choice of cosmetics in autumn should be aimed at increasing skin moisture, oil, choose a mild cleansing lotion, moisturizing effect of moisturizing lotion and lotion, skin cream, daytime out can use SPF 15-30, PA – sunscreen or sunscreen lotion.
4, winter cold and dry, skin vascular contraction, low metabolism, skin water, lipid content significantly reduced, prone to roughness, flaking and even cracking. At this time, the choice of cosmetics should be to nourish the skin, increase skin lipid, water content, soft skin for the purpose, choose a mild cleansing lotion, moisturizing effect of nourishing lotion and moisturizing degree of better water-in-oil type moisturizer, daytime out can use SPF 8-15, PA sunscreen or sunscreen oil. If the skin is dry, you can use a moisturizing mask at night.
Second, the choice of problem skin cosmetics
The problematic skin referred to here is mainly some skin problems involved in the sub-category of skin types. For problematic skin medical skin care products are the ideal choice, which can reduce skin sensitivity, improve the effectiveness of treatment, improve the appearance, reduce the side effects of treatment, shorten the treatment time, reduce the recurrence rate, improve the quality of life, prevent recurrence, reduce the frequency of attacks and the amount of drugs.
1, along with the sensitive state of the skin, the medical skin care products of the soothing series can soothe and calm, reduce the inflammatory response, rebuild the skin barrier function and reduce the skin’s allergic reaction to the outside world.
2, with acne, seborrheic dermatitis and other oily skin, oil control and moisturizing series of medical skin care products can gently cleanse the skin, remove excess oil, reduce the inflammatory reaction, there are some acne series of medical skin care products have dissolved keratin plugs, anti-bacterial/fungal infection, and can be synergistic with anti-acne drugs (vitamin A acid, benzoyl peroxide, erythromycin, etc.) to reduce the adverse effects of drugs.
3.Dry skin with atopic dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, etc. is sensitive to external stimuli due to the destruction of barrier function. Medical skin care products can safely and effectively act on dry skin under pathological conditions, effectively replenish skin moisture and sebum content, restore sebaceous film, relieve itching and reduce skin lesions, reduce microbial reproduction, reduce allergen sensitization, and reduce the frequency of recurrence. When combined with local glucocorticosteroids, it helps to improve the efficacy, shorten the course of treatment and reduce its adverse reactions.
4.For skin with hyperpigmentation, medical skin care products of whitening series can target some links of melanin generation, block melanin generation, and strengthen skin repair and moisturizing, rebuild and maintain the integrity of sebaceous membrane structure to achieve the whitening purpose of evenly enhancing skin tone.
5, along with capillary dilation (redness, red blood) of the skin, the medical skin care products of the red removal series can reduce irritation, soothe and calm, strengthen moisturizing, improve capillary fragility and reduce inflammatory exudation.
6, too much wrinkled skin, anti-aging series of medical skin care products containing vitamin A aldehyde, vitamin E antioxidant ingredients can slow down the aging of the skin.
7, plastic / laser post-operative skin, medical skin care products in the living water can reduce post-operative erythema, relieve pain, itching, tightness and other discomfort, to promote healing. In addition, post-operative sunscreen can maintain the effect of surgery and reduce recurrence, post-operative medical concealer can reduce the impact of surgery on life in the short term.