Femoral head necrosis is a disease in which the blood supply to the femoral head is interrupted or damaged, causing the death and subsequent repair of bone cells and bone marrow components, which subsequently leads to structural changes in the femoral head, femoral head collapse, and joint dysfunction. Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), also known as ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (avascularnecrosis , AVN), is a common and intractable disease in the field of orthopaedics.ONFH can be divided into two categories: traumatic and non-traumatic. I. Causes There are mainly femoral neck fracture, hip dislocation and other hip trauma. Among them, femoral neck fractures are divided into basal, subtrochanteric and transcranial types according to the location of the fracture. In clinical practice, artificial arthroplasty is often performed directly for subtrochanteric femoral neck fractures at an older age because of the great chance of ischemic necrosis after internal fixation treatment for subtrochanteric femoral neck fractures, while younger patients can undergo internal fixation treatment for fracture repositioning according to the specific situation and the patient’s wishes, but there is a risk of femoral head necrosis requiring Arthroplasty will be performed later. For non-traumatic femoral head necrosis, the main reason is the high dose of long-term use of corticosteroids, which is often called hormones, which is a complication of the application of hormones, such as certain kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases, and the heartbreaking “SARS”, in order to save lives, had to use high doses of hormones, so that medicine often There is no two ways about it, there are advantages and disadvantages. In addition, long-term heavy drinking, it is reported that our country ranks second in the world in terms of love of alcohol, and various famous distilleries have created many patients with alcoholic femoral head necrosis. In addition to this there are many other causes, such as decompression sickness occurring in divers, blood disorders, radiation therapy, burns and other factors. Femoral head necrosis may be an early manifestation of certain blood diseases, which should not be ignored by patients and doctors and needs to be considered in a comprehensive manner. Second, the early manifestation of hip discomfort or pain, some patients manifested as knee pain and treated according to knee disease, of course, the root of the disease is not in the knee joint obviously treatment is ineffective. Pain symptoms gradually worsen, walking too much for too long symptoms are obvious, rest can be relieved, accompanied by limp, hip joint movement is limited, the most obvious internal rotation and abduction activities. The cause of pain in the early stage is mainly due to the increase of intraosseous pressure. When the pain is suddenly relieved, do not think that the condition has improved, but it may be aggravated by the collapse of the femoral head, which can briefly release the intraosseous pressure to relieve the pain. With the use of the joint, the femoral head gradually collapses and deforms, developing into osteoarthritis of the hip joint, and the pain gradually worsens again, seriously affecting the quality of life. The most important thing that patients need to do is to rest and not to put weight on the patient, which is often difficult to do, and it is precisely this point that is very critical. The common medication is mainly to activate the blood and improve the symptomatic treatment of circulation. It is believed that core decompression can reduce the pressure in the medullary cavity and improve local blood circulation, thus promoting osteogenesis and stimulating vascular regeneration in the femur. At present, there are several surgical methods such as core decompression + bone graft with vascular anastomosis, core decompression + bone graft without blood vessels, core decompression + tantalum rod implantation and core decompression + bone marrow stem cell transplantation. Early surgical treatment is not able to stop the development of the disease and restore the normal, this varies from person to person, some people reported that the hip joint used for decades without collapse of the femoral head after marrow core compression + fibula with vascular graft. To have a full understanding of femoral head necrosis, all our early intervention measures are to slow down the development of femoral head necrosis and reduce the number of joint replacements as much as possible. For late stage femoral head necrosis, the only treatment is artificial joint replacement. However, artificial joints have a life span. Normally, artificial joints resist wear and tear for 10 to 15 years, and as the human life span increases, for example, if a patient is thought to have a joint replacement at age 50, if he lives to be 80 or even 90 years old, he will face 2 or even 3 artificial joint replacements, and, from the second time on, we call it joint revision, which is often less effective than the initial surgery. The results of the revision surgery are often not as good as the initial surgery. In practice, the artificial joint replacement has to face complications such as infection, loosening and sinking, fracture and prosthesis breakage, etc. If these situations are encountered, the actual use of the artificial joint will be greatly reduced, and it is possible that a joint replacement will last less than 10 years or even 5 years before other problems are encountered and a revision is needed. Overall, patients and doctors should pay high attention to the early detection and treatment of femoral head necrosis.