Anemia is a common disease in hematology, and it is easy to be taken seriously. However, in recent years, a “polycythemia” disease – “true erythrocytosis” has been found in the clinic, this pathogen for the plateau hypoxia region of the disease. True erythrocytosis, as the name suggests, is a disease of increased red blood cells, the etiology of the onset of the current plain is unknown, often clinically insidious onset of disease, no obvious clinical symptoms, it is not easy to pay attention to, at the same time, because of the increase in the body’s red blood cells, increased hematocrit, manifested as “red”, often mistaken for a sign of physical health. It is often mistaken as a sign of good health. However, although its clinical manifestations are not obvious, the harm is not to be underestimated. Erythrocytosis is a chronic proliferative blood disease, due to the proliferation of bone marrow erythrocyte system, resulting in higher than normal hematocrit, more common in men. The manifestation of the face, conjunctiva, lips, palms and other parts of the red congestion, the initial or mild cases of flushing, late or severe cases of dark red, often accompanied by liver and spleen enlargement, heavy cases of huge spleen, complicated by hyperviscosity or hypercoagulability, the biggest harm is prone to thrombotic diseases or vascular rupture and bleeding, such as stroke, arterial vein thrombosis, and so on. The treatment of this disease is a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, symptomatic treatment with bloodletting therapy, Western medicine can be used chemotherapy, the combination of Chinese and Western medicine has obvious efficacy. True erythrocytosis is diagnosed as “blood stasis” or “Y obstruction” in Chinese medicine, and is clinically classified into four types: blood stasis due to dampness-heat, blood stasis due to qi stagnation, blood stasis due to deficiency of yin and blood stasis due to phlegm stagnation, and the treatment is based on the identification of the symptoms. Therefore, when a person has a reddish color and the physical examination reveals that the hematocrit is more than normal, it is important to pay attention to it. So that early detection and early treatment.