Indications The second-generation IVF ICSI technology is mainly suitable for patients with severe low sperm count, low sperm motility, abnormal spermatozoa, irreversible obstructive azoospermia (e.g. failed vasectomy, congenital absence of vas deferens, blockage of vas deferens due to infection such as tuberculosis), sperm disorders (except those caused by genetics), abnormal sperm acrosome function, conventional IVF, failure of in vitro fertilization, immune infertility, etc. In vitro fertilization failure, immune infertility and other patients. 1. Severe oligospermia, weak spermia and teratospermia 2. Irreversible obstructive azoospermia 3. Spermatogenic dysfunction (excluding genetic defects) 4. Immune infertility 5. In vitro fertilization failure 6. Sperm acrosome abnormalities 7. Success factors requiring preimplantation embryo genetic testing 1. 2.Oocyte status. 3, Oocyte activation. Second generation defects The intracytoplasmic sperm injection technique can be used for male oligospermia, weak sperm, sperm malformation, azoospermia and failure of conventional in vitro fertilization cycles, overcoming the lack of sperm count or even obtaining sperm directly from the epididymis and testes to treat infertility. This technique injects a single sperm directly into the egg, which carries a high genetic risk because it violates the biological laws of natural fertilization. The article provides a review of ICSI sperm genetic defects and epigenetic defects and their related diseases, which can further understand the mechanism of the molecules that increase the genetic risk of offspring due to ICSI sperm genetic and epigenetic defects. The article illustrates that ICSI sperm are yet to be subjected to strict quality control by epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation to effectively reduce the ICSI genetic and epigenetic The need for strict quality control of ICSI sperm through DNA methylation, histone acetylation and other epigenetic factors to effectively reduce the risk of ICSI genetic and epigenetic defects.