What is the cause of painful haemorrhoids?

Different types of haemorrhoids, influenced by different factors, can present with different clinical symptoms. For example.
internal haemorrhoids are affected by infection, thrombosis and impaction, which can induce more severe pain
external haemorrhoids are affected by perianal disease, microbial infection and acute venous thrombosis, which can also induce significant pain.
Mixed haemorrhoids are even more affected by a variety of factors, with pain and blood in the stool as the main manifestations.