Chickenpox can cause encephalitis, mainly in patients with severe chickenpox. Chickenpox is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, its incubation period is generally 10-21 days, is a viral disease, eating antibiotics is ineffective, mainly through the patient’s nasopharynx secretions for droplet transmission, the patient is the only source of infection. Children of any age are susceptible to chickenpox, and the initial onset can be accompanied by high fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, and can be accompanied by a sustained fever above 40°C. The rash is numerous, and patients with a long course of the disease can easily induce complications such as pneumonia and encephalitis, eventually causing death. Therefore, the initial stage of chickenpox needs to be treated actively to avoid the occurrence of encephalitis.