Bipolar disorder is characterized by high prevalence, high relapse rate, high suicide rate, high co-morbidity, complex clinical symptoms, manic or depressive episodes at different times or at the same time, or mixed episodes. At the same time, bipolar disorder can increase the risk of alcohol and substance abuse, cardiovascular disease and malignancy; among the 1/3 patients who attempt suicide, 10%-20% of deaths are related to bipolar disorder. The age of onset is mostly seen between 15 and 24 years, while definitive diagnosis is often delayed by 5 to 10 years and is often misdiagnosed or missed clinically. Therefore, improving early recognition and diagnosis is an important challenge for psychiatrists. The choice of treatment plan for the whole treatment of bipolar disorder is divided into three phases, namely the acute treatment period, the consolidation treatment period and the maintenance treatment period. The goals of treatment are: to alleviate or eliminate symptoms; to promote recovery and maintain good function; and to prevent relapse. 1. Treatment principles:If bipolar disorder is diagnosed, single treatment with antidepressants is not advocated because single treatment has the risk of triggering mania and increasing the cycle of episodes. When combined with medication, one antidepressant is generally used in combination with one mood stabilizer. Since certain antipsychotics tend to trigger depression when treating mania, they should not be chosen. In principle, drugs that induce less depressive episodes, such as new antipsychotics, should be selected. 2, drug selection: the ideal drug for the treatment of bipolar disorder should meet the following requirements: effective for both manic and depressive phases, rapid onset of action, able to prevent relapse, suitable for both single treatment or combined treatment, but also for co-morbid treatment, well tolerated, does not cause clinically significant adverse reactions, will not lead to new diseases, such as treatment triggering depression, accelerated attack cycle, functional impairment, excessive weight gain The treatment does not lead to new diseases, such as depression, accelerated attack cycle, functional impairment, excessive weight gain, abnormal metabolism, etc. 3, mood stabilizers: refers to the drugs that have therapeutic and preventive effects on manic or depressive episodes and do not cause manic and depressive transitions, or lead to episodes of frequency. The ideal mood stabilizer should have the functions of anti-mania, anti-depression, prevention of manic-depressive bipolar fluctuation, effective treatment of mixed episodes, anti-suicide, effective treatment of psychotic symptoms and rapid cyclic bipolar disorder. At present, the commonly used mood stabilizers mainly include lithium salt and valproate, and the new antipsychotics can also be regarded as mood stabilizers widely used in the clinic. 4, treatment compliance: the cooperation of patients and families or understanding and compliance with treatment is the key to the success of bipolar disorder treatment. Health and psychological education for the characteristics of the disease and its treatment, informing patients and their families that this is a long-term treatment process; close observation of patients’ tolerance of drugs during treatment, discussion with patients about possible adverse reactions, and targeted active treatment will improve patients’ compliance with treatment to prevent recurrent episodes. Maintenance treatment: emphasis on social function recovery: 1. Maintenance treatment goals: prevention of relapse, treatment of co-morbidities, treatment of different symptom groups, improvement of interpersonal, social and occupational functions, improvement of quality of life, enhancement and maintenance of treatment compliance, and adherence to the concept of long-term maintenance treatment. 2. Treatment options: Due to poor compliance with long-term use of lithium salts, relapse is easy after interruption of medication. Currently, the use of lamotrigine for the prevention of manic or depressive episodes in bipolar disorder has been widely verified and accepted, but the dosage needs to be gradually increased to avoid or reduce the risk of rash. Carbamazepine may also be used as a second-line option for prophylaxis. On the other hand, the efficacy of dipropionate in preventing depressive relapse or recurrence of recent manic or hypomanic episodes is positive. The efficacy of new antipsychotics used for long-term maintenance of bipolar disorder remains to be further confirmed. Maintenance treatment is preferably a combination of medication + group psychoeducation. Treatment related to suicide risk reduction: Because depressive symptoms increase the risk of suicide, patients with acute depression/mixed episodes must be treated effectively. Long-term maintenance treatment with lithium salts may be more effective in reducing the risk of suicide than carbamazepine and bivalirudin. Mild to moderate patients can be treated with a mood stabilizer (or antipsychotic) alone; severe patients are treated with a mood stabilizer-based combination; and patients with very severe suicidality or mucoidosis should be treated with MECT first. Mood stabilizers should be preferred to lithium salts and lamotrigine as the base treatment; antidepressants should be used with caution, and antidepressants alone are generally not advocated. Patients with or without psychotic symptoms can be treated with novel antipsychotic drugs. In conclusion, affective symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder vary considerably during the year, with depressive states being the most common manifestation, followed by manic or hypomanic, rapid cycling, or mixed episodes. Clinical practice shows that clinical sub-symptomatic or mild depressive and light manic symptoms account for a considerable proportion, yet they are often overlooked by clinicians or family members/themselves and should be of great concern in the future.