Autumn is a transitional stage from summer to winter, its climate is characterized mainly by dryness, most physiological indicators fluctuate in autumn, immunity decreases in autumn (the number of lymphocytes is the lowest in August), and people are susceptible to illness. The climate of winter is characterized by cold, and the greatest impact on the human body is the cold snap. This is extremely unfavorable for those who are old and frail, as well as for those suffering from cardiovascular diseases. COPD tends to resolve in the summer due to the heat, and tends to acutely worsen in the fall and winter. Below is an overview of what COPD is and how it can be prevented, treated, rehabilitated, educated and managed. What is COPD? Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a preventable and treatable disease characterized by airflow limitation, mainly affecting the lungs, with coughing and sputum as the main clinical symptoms, which can be progressive, and whose onset is associated with an abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to harmful gases such as cigarette smoke or harmful particles. The disease can also cause systemic (or extrapulmonary) adverse effects.COPD is currently the 4th leading cause of death in the world, and the World Bank/World Health Organization has announced that by 2020, COPD will be the 5th leading cause of economic burden of disease in the world. A survey of 20,245 adults in seven regions of China found that the prevalence of COPD accounted for 8.2% of the population over 40 years of age, which is an alarmingly high prevalence. Due to its high prevalence, high mortality rate and heavy social and economic burden, it has become an important public health problem. The etiology of COPD is still not completely clear, and may be the result of the long-term effects of a variety of factors, such as environmental factors, infectious factors, climatic factors, immune factors, age factors, and so on. Risk factors include individual susceptibility factors as well as environmental factors, both of which interact with each other. Certain genetic factors can increase the risk of developing COPD. Bronchial asthma and airway hyperresponsiveness are risk factors for COPD. Among environmental factors, smoking is an important factor in the development of COPD. It has been found that smokers have a higher rate of abnormal lung function, a faster annual decline in FEV1, and more smokers die of COPD than non-smokers. Passive smoking may also contribute to respiratory symptoms as well as COPD. Environmental factors also include occupational dust and chemicals, air pollution, infections, and socioeconomic status. Why is COPD prone to flare-ups in the fall and winter? In autumn and winter, due to the cold attack, the temperature and air pressure decrease, resulting in blood circulation obstacles in the bronchial arteries, weakened cilia movement, respiratory secretion discharge difficulties, airway smooth muscle spasm and body resistance is reduced, these are viruses, bacteria invasion of the respiratory tract to provide and create favorable conditions, causing respiratory infections and acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Especially in the north, autumn and winter are far colder than the south, the air is also extremely dry, indoor heating equipment, thus increasing the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, indoor air is drier, so in the northern winter, chronic bronchitis patients’ respiratory defense mechanism is more seriously impaired, and thus more likely to occur respiratory infections and lead to an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. How to treat and prevent COPD? The 2010 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) states: “Treatment should be chosen according to the severity of the disease in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and regular long-term treatment should be maintained at the same level if there are no significant adverse drug effects or worsening of the disease. Smoking cessation is currently the only intervention that can slow the progression of this COPD. Smoking cessation and oxygen therapy are the only two major measures to prolong life.” The main goal of COPD medication is to reduce symptoms and complications, and treatment should be based on staging. COPD is divided into acute exacerbation and remission. Acute exacerbation refers to a short-term worsening of coughing, coughing up sputum, shortness of breath and/or wheezing during the course of the disease, with an increase in the amount of sputum, which is purulent or mucopurulent, and may be accompanied by fever and other symptoms; in stabilization phase, patients with stable coughing, coughing up sputum, and shortness of breath are stabilized or their symptoms are alleviated The symptoms of cough, sputum and shortness of breath are stabilized or reduced in stable patients. I. Acute exacerbation treatment 1, controlled oxygen therapy: oxygen therapy is the basic treatment for patients in the exacerbation period. 2, control of infection: rational use of antibacterial drugs under the guidance of the doctor, optional antibacterial drugs are quinolones, macrocyclic esters, ß-lactams or sulfonamides. Such as levofloxacin, roxithromycin, amoxicillin, cefuroxime and so on. If the causative organisms can be isolated antimicrobial drugs can be selected according to the results of drug sensitivity tests. But at the same time to prevent the abuse of antibacterial drugs and inappropriate use of drug-resistant strains. 3, expectorant and cough suppressant: such as aminoglutethimide, must cough flat, myrtle oil; dry cough can be used mainly dextromethorphan. 4, asthma: asthma can be added with antispasmodic asthma drugs, such as aminophylline, Bolivarconi, etc., or the use of long-acting ß agonists plus corticosteroid inhalation (such as Shuridi). The new bronchodilator, tiotropium bromide bromide, has been shown to significantly improve symptoms and quality of life, with an unexpected slowing of deterioration. Tiotropium bromide has an additive effect in combination with long-acting beta2 agonists. Studies have shown that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who are treated with “triple therapy”, i.e., inhaled long-acting β-agonist + inhaled glucocorticoid (ICS) + inhaled tiotropium bromide, have significant improvement in lung function, clinical symptoms and quality of life, and the number of acute exacerbations is reduced by 62%. Stabilized treatment 1, quit smoking, avoid inhalation of harmful gases and other harmful particles. 2, enhance physical fitness, prevent colds and flu Vaccines can be used as appropriate (influenza vaccine, pneumococcal vaccine) 3, recurrent respiratory tract infections, can use a combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine to regulate, such as Astragalus plus Uttilins, which works by regulating cellular and humoral immunity. 4, a new generation of ultra-long-acting β2 agonist (indacaterol) is effective in patients with complicated emphysema, only one inhalation per day, and has been included in the 2010 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Stable Phase Treatment Drugs. 5. Long-term home oxygen therapy Long-term home oxygen therapy during the stabilization period can improve the survival rate of patients with chronic respiratory failure. Long-term home oxygen therapy should be applied to patients with grade IV, i.e., very severe emphysema, with the following specific indications: (1) PaO2 ≤ 55 mm Hg or arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) ≤ 88%, with or without hypercapnia. (2) PaO255~60 mm Hg or SaO2<89% with pulmonary hypertension, edema in heart failure, or erythrocytosis (erythrocyte specific volume >55%). How to guide patients with COPD to proper rehabilitation therapy Rehabilitation therapy is an important therapeutic measure for patients with COPD because it can enable COPD patients to improve their mobility and quality of life. It includes respiratory physiotherapy, muscle training, nutritional support, spiritual treatment and education and other measures. Respiratory physiotherapy includes measures such as helping the patient to cough and exhale vigorously to promote secretion clearance; relaxing the patient, performing lip-contraction breathing and avoiding rapid shallow breathing to help overcome acute dyspnea, etc. Muscle training includes whole-body exercise, muscle training, nutritional support, spiritual treatment and education. In terms of muscle training, there are generalized exercise and respiratory muscle exercise, the former includes walking, stair climbing, cycling, etc., the latter has abdominal breathing exercise, etc.. In terms of nutritional support, an ideal body weight should be required; at the same time, excessive carbohydrate diet and excessive calorie intake should be avoided to avoid excessive carbon dioxide production. How to improve the education and management of COPD? Many practices at home and abroad have shown that the education and management of COPD patients is an indispensable and important part of COPD prevention and control work. Systematic education and strict management can improve the patients’ awareness of the disease, better cooperate with doctors’ prevention and treatment work, improve the adherence to preventing and controlling COPD, and achieve the goals of reducing acute exacerbations, maintaining stable conditions as much as possible, improving the quality of life, and reducing the expenditure of medical funds. Purpose. Through education and management, we can improve patients’ and related personnel’s understanding of COPD and their ability to deal with the disease, so that they can better cooperate with the treatment and strengthen preventive measures, reduce repeated exacerbations, maintain stable conditions and improve the quality of life. The main content includes: (1) education and supervision of patients to quit smoking, so far can prove effective in delaying the progressive decline in lung function measures only smoking cessation; (2) so that patients understand the pathophysiology of COPD and clinical basics; (3) master general and some special treatment methods; (4) learn self-control of the condition of the skills, such as abdominal respiration and contracted-lip respiration exercise; (5) understand the timing of going to hospitals; (6) community doctors to follow up regularly; (7) the community of patients and their families, and to improve the quality of life of patients. (6) Regular follow-up management by community doctors. Long-term goals of education and management: 1. To make COPD patients establish full confidence and optimism to overcome the disease. 2. 2, COPD patients have good adherence to the preventive and control measures provided by doctors. 3, as far as possible to control and reduce the cough, cough sputum and difficulty in whistling and other symptoms that affect work and life. 4, as far as possible to reduce the number of acute exacerbations of COPD, so that the number of patients to the hospital and hospitalization to a minimum, to reduce the burden on the family and social burden. 5.Improve the quality of survival of patients, life can be self-care. Reduce the whistle work, enhance the exercise endurance, if possible should participate in some of the ability to social activities, undertake some housework. 6, the use of drugs with minimal or no adverse effects. Reduce the medical expenses as much as possible. 8, prolong the effective life. In conclusion, systematic education, management and standardized treatment for COPD patients, supplemented by necessary rehabilitation exercises, can effectively reduce their symptoms, improve lung function, reduce the number of outpatient visits and improve the quality of life, and is expected to slow down the progression of their condition if it can be adhered to for a long time.