There is a worldwide consensus that the main treatment for thyroid cancer is mainly surgical, especially papillary and follicular carcinoma need timely, standardized and thorough surgical treatment. Some patients think that they have thyroid cancer and must be completely removed and the whole thyroid gland must be cut out to be safe, while others think that the thyroid gland is a very important organ and ask doctors to try to preserve some normal glands. However, the specific situation should be individualized and rationalized according to the patient’s own condition, so as to avoid both under-treatment and over-treatment for the patient. In addition to the treatment of the primary thyroid lesion, the surgery should also focus on the treatment of the lymph nodes in the neck, otherwise, it may leave a root of trouble for the recurrence of the tumor in the future. Our previous studies have shown that thyroid cancer has a 50% probability of metastasis to the cervical lymph nodes in the central region. Therefore, patients with thyroid cancer, including those with early stage microscopic cancer, should pay attention to the simultaneous treatment of cervical lymph nodes while removing the thyroid lesions. After surgery, iodine therapy and endocrine suppression suppression therapy should be used as appropriate according to pathological results and intraoperative conditions.