The diagnosis of amblyopia is a diagnosis of exclusion, and the systematic collection of medical records described above can provide a reliable basis for diagnosis. Ophthalmic clinical guidelines suggest that this diagnosis can be established when low best-corrected visual acuity in one or both eyes is not exclusively due to structural abnormalities of the visual pathway. The conditions are: 1) different binocular gaze behavior (infants and toddlers), or two or more lines of difference in binocular vision; 2) below normal gaze behavior in both eyes (infants and toddlers), or below age-appropriate normal values; 3) low vision that cannot be corrected with lenses to normal; 4) differences or decreases in binocular vision that cannot be attributed entirely to structural abnormalities of the visual pathway. Treatment I. Central gaze amblyopia (a) Balance of binocular vision 1. Treatment of other factors that can cause form deprivation, such as cataract, ptosis, corneal leukoma, etc. Refractive correction Children with amblyopia often have varying degrees of refractive error, so correcting the refractive error of the amblyopic eye and making the retina obtain a clear image and normal visual stimulation through optical means is a prerequisite for the treatment of amblyopia, and is of utmost importance. Refractive error correction principles in general for hyperopic refractive error, in order to maintain the necessary adjustment tension in the original refraction based on the retention of +1.00D (i.e., plus -1.00D), we generally call it complete correction; even to exclude the influence of adjustment factors on strabismus or to enhance the effect of treatment of severe amblyopia, may not retain the adjustment of 1.00D or give more positive lenses, called full correction or The lenses should not be worn for more than 4 months to avoid adjustment paralysis and distant shift of the near point; for myopic refractive error, the correction should be low to prevent adjustment tension, i.e., the maximum positive spherical lens for normal vision; astigmatism can be given according to the actual degree. 3, surgical correction of non-adjusted strabismus 4, amblyopia and binocular visual function training At present, there are a variety of instruments and equipment to stimulate visual function, such as posterior image therapy instrument, red light flicker stimulator, red filter film, Haidinger light brush therapy instrument, visual stimulation therapy instrument (CAM), fine visual training (eye-hand-brain coordination training), binocular visual training instrument, etc., are aimed at developing They may have certain therapeutic effects in clinical use, but there is a lack of large samples and randomized rigorous studies, so they should not be used blindly, and they cannot replace classical treatment methods. 5.Pharmacological treatment: The main drugs currently used are levodopa, whose mechanism of action is to excite the dopamine-receptors from the retina to the visual center. There are also studies on the use of cytarabine, which is thought to act broadly on the visual cortex, rather than specifically on the amblyopic eye. Research in this area has been a major part of amblyopia treatment research in recent years, but there have been no major breakthroughs. (ii), binocular visual imbalance (two or more lines of visual acuity difference) In addition to the above treatments, dominant eye masking therapy has long been the traditional classical and most effective treatment, and high percentage masking (70% to 100% of waking hours) is currently advocated. To prevent the development of masking amblyopia, Von Noorden advocates a 3:1 rule for children 1 year old, 4:1 for children 2 years old, and 6:1 for children 3 years old and older or longer as appropriate. During the period of masking treatment, the patient is instructed to follow up regularly, usually two to four weeks. It has also been advocated that the duration of early postnatal coverage should be strictly limited to 1 or 2 days, with no more than 3-4 days of continuous coverage in one eye for 6-month-olds, 3 weeks of continuous coverage for 3-year-olds, and 5 weeks of coverage for 5-year-olds, or an additional week between follow-ups (continuous coverage of one eye) for each additional year of age. The follow-up interval recommended in this ophthalmology clinical guideline is also available. Currently, it is considered that the goal of masking treatment is achieved when the visual acuity of both eyes is the same. It is also believed that there is no need to worry about the visual acuity of the covered eye, and that the visual acuity of the covered eye can gradually return to its original level after the masking is stopped. When the difference in visual acuity between the two eyes is one line or less, we can consider reducing the masking or gradually eliminating the masking. At the same time, the primary cause should be treated. Individual children may develop strabismus in the process of masking, which is related to fusion block or change of gaze eye, hyperopia should wear sufficient corrective lenses, and if necessary, the possibility of surgical correction is needed. For mild or moderate amblyopia, masking failure, occult nystagmus or those who need maintenance treatment can be treated with dominant optometry pharmacological repression therapy. If there is no improvement in visual acuity after more than 4 months of masking, it is considered pointless to continue masking. Eccentric gaze amblyopia is a persistent and refractory amblyopia, which is generally treated in two steps. The first step is to shift the point of gaze treatment: the eccentric gaze eye is usually covered in reverse to reduce or deprive the visual stimulation of the eccentric retinal gaze point, and the dominant eye is covered during treatment. Treatment methods include posterior image therapy, red light therapy, Haidinger light brush therapy, etc. When the point of gaze is shifted to the macular sulcus, the above-mentioned conventional amblyopia treatment is then performed to promote the functional recovery of the macular sulcus and rapid improvement of visual acuity. However, there is no very effective treatment for eccentric amblyopia, especially for severe eccentric amblyopia, and the clinical treatment is not effective for many reasons, so early prevention and treatment of amblyopia is the key.