Summary of Guidelines for Prophylactic Platelet Transfusion

  The AABB calls for prophylactic platelet transfusions to reduce the risk of spontaneous bleeding in patients with treatment-related thrombocytopenia and morning platelet counts less than 10 × 109 /L, in which half the standard dose of platelets administered is equivalent to a higher dose of transfusion.  Statistical analysis of three randomized clinical trials with a total of 1047 patients with hematologic malignancies found that prophylactic platelet transfusions were effective in reducing the risk of spontaneous bleeding by nearly half in grades 2 or higher. In addition, data from 658 patients in four randomized controlled trials suggested that increasing the threshold for platelet input did not reduce the risk of grade 2 or higher bleeding or bleeding-related mortality. A platelet input threshold of 10×109/L is usually used to reduce platelet use and also to reduce the potential for transfusion reactions.  The second recommendation is prophylactic platelet transfusion for patients with central venous line less than 20×109/L. Although this recommendation has a low recommendation level and an insufficient level of evidence, there are sufficient data to support the recommendation.  ”For cancer patients undergoing central venous line placement, we recommend a relatively high threshold for platelet input (20×109/L) based on the available observational data. This will conserve platelet resources while reducing the risk of transfusion, without increasing the incidence of adverse bleeding events.”  Dr Kaufman explains, “Platelet preservation is a costly and more difficult task for hospitals. The shelf life of platelets after collection is only 5 days, and infectious disease testing is required, so the true shelf life of platelets is only 3 days, which makes it difficult to ensure that there is enough stock to meet the needs of patients. This is not the same as red blood cells that can be stored in the refrigerator for more than 6 weeks and plasma that can be stored for more than a year.”  He added, “Platelets deteriorate quickly, and that’s the real challenge. Platelet transfusions are costly, the process is risky, and bacterial contamination can lead to acute lung injury, and for all of these reasons, we only infuse at the most appropriate time, rather than thinking about giving platelets to patients.”