Non-small cell lung cancer is a malignant tumor with a high degree of malignancy, prone to recurrence and metastasis. More than half of the patients are relatively advanced at the time of diagnosis, and treatment must be based on a multidisciplinary approach (including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapy) that targets the whole body as well as the local area. Molecularly targeted tumor therapy refers to treatments that target cellular signaling and other biological pathways involved in the development of tumors. Targeted therapy has played an extremely important role in the treatment of advanced NSCLC, and some of them have entered the norms of standard treatment protocols recognized by the international oncology community according to the principles of evidence-based medicine. More and more research results have reasons to make us believe that the current drug treatment of advanced NSCLC is transforming from pure cytotoxic drugs to the era of molecular targeted therapy. Molecular targets: Molecular targets in lung cancer include any subcellular molecules from DNA to protein/enzyme levels involved in the differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, infiltration, lymphatic metastasis and systemic metastasis of lung cancer cells. Drugs targeting molecular targets mainly include monoclonal antibodies, small molecule drugs that inhibit enzyme/protein activity, anti-angiogenic drugs, antisense RNAs that inhibit protein translation and drugs with intracellular molecular specificity. 1. Cell signaling targets: cell surface receptors (EerB receptor family, c-kit, insulin-like growth factor receptor, integrins); intracellular factors (BCR-ABL, Ras, Raf, MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, protein kinase C, STAT protein, adhesion proteins, ALK, JNK kinase); nuclear transfer protein factors (hormone-like receptors such as estrogen, Androgen receptor, C/N-myc, NF-kB, Bcl-2, p53, etc.). 2.Cell cycle targets: cell cycle-dependent kinases, cell cyclins, cell cycle-dependent kinases, etc. 3, Apoptosis targets: Bcl-2, NF-kB, p53, TRAIL, Fas, etc. 4. Induction of differentiation targets: retinoic acid, vitamin D nuclear hormone receptor. 5.Tumor neovascularization targets: VEGFR, matrix metalloproteinase, endothelin integrator aVB3, neovascularization inhibitors (vasopressor, endothelial inhibitor), HIF-1a and HIF-2a. 6.Metastasis targets: matrix metalloproteinase, chemokine receptor. 7, cell surface antigen targets: CD20, CDE22, CD33, CD52, CD56, epithelial cell adhesion molecules, C242, PSMA, MUC1, etc. Other potentially important targets: farnesylase, protease 20S, telomerase, DNA methylesterase, heat shock protein Hsp-90, etc. The key to targeted therapy: So far, two key target pathways for lung cancer growth and metastasis have been studied in depth and have entered clinical practice, one of which is epidermal growth factor and receptor (EGF/EGFR), the other is vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor (VEGF). The second is vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor (VEGF/VEGFR). The main modes of action are also: 1. monoclonal antibodies bind to growth factors or receptors, thereby competitively blocking signaling pathways. 2. 2. Small molecule compounds are used to block the tyrosine kinases of the above two key pathways intracellularly to achieve the purpose of inhibiting and blocking the signaling pathway. They are represented by small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: erlotinib and gefitinib, large molecule VEGF monoclonal antibody: bevacizumab and multi-target drug ZD6474.