What is the ARCO staging of femoral head necrosis?

  The clinical staging of femoral head necrosis is important for determining the prognosis and determining the treatment plan.  ARCO staging is the commonly used staging method Stage 0: biopsy results are consistent with necrosis, the rest of the examination is normal Stage 1: positive bone scan or/and MRI A MRI femoral head lesion range <15% B femoral head lesion range 15-30% C femoral head lesion range >30% Stage 2: femoral head patchy uneven density, sclerosis and cyst formation, no collapse manifestation on plain film and CT, MRI and bone scan A MRI femoral head lesion range <15% B MRI femoral head lesion range 15-30% C MRI femoral head lesion range >30% Stage 3: Crescentic sign on frontal and lateral views A crescentic sign length <15% articular surface or collapse less than or <2-mm B crescentic sign length - 15-30% of articular surface length or collapse 2-4mm C crescentic sign length >30 % joint surface length or collapse >4-mm Stage 4: collapse and flattening of the joint surface, narrowing of the joint space, necrotic changes in the acetabulum, cystic changes, cysts and bone spurs