There are many causes of gum swelling and pain, which can be relieved by applying local ice first and then treated according to different conditions. Swollen and painful gums are usually caused by plaque, calculus and infected bacteria, and are commonly associated with ulcerative gingivitis, acute gingival papillitis, multiple gingival abscesses, periapical periodontitis and acute pericoronitis of wisdom teeth. Treatment modalities include scaling, medication and incision and drainage, etc., which need to be carried out according to the specific condition. Common diseases and treatment are as follows: 1. Periodontal disease: such as plaque, calculus, etc. At this time, the causative factors can be removed by scaling, removing the calculus and plaque, followed by treatment with drugs, anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving treatment, and periodontal scaling if necessary. For the ulcerative gingivitis and acute gingival papillitis caused by bacterial infection, antibiotics are also needed for treatment, such as metronidazole, cefuroxime, etc.; 2. Dental diseases: if the periodontal swelling and pain is caused by dental caries, acute pericoronitis of wisdom teeth, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be used, such as ibuprofen, acetaminophen, etc., and mouth rinses such as hydrogen peroxide and boric acid solution can be used to eliminate inflammation. For tooth decay, it is necessary to remove the decayed part of the tooth and then carry out filling, if the tooth nerve has been injured, root canal treatment is needed. For wisdom tooth, it can be extracted directly if necessary; 3. Other: such as periapical inflammation, besides taking cefixime, ibuprofen and other anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, root canal treatment is also needed. If the situation is serious and accompanied by abscess, incision and drainage are also needed to make the pus flow out; if the tooth is repeatedly inflamed, extraction may be an option. If the pain is caused by internal heat of the body, you can also take compound herbal coral tablets or take oral Niuhuang detoxification tablets, which can clear heat and remove fire, reduce inflammation and relieve pain, and to a certain extent, relieve the symptoms of swollen and painful gums. In addition, you need to pay attention to oral hygiene, rinse your mouth in time after meals, and use dental floss to clean the food residue in the crevices of your teeth. Maintaining oral hygiene can to some extent prevent dental diseases and reduce the chances of gum inflammation.