I. What is inflammatory bowel disease?
Inflammatory bowel disease in a broad sense includes all kinds of intestinal inflammatory diseases, generally involving the ileum, rectum, colon, which can be called inflammatory bowel disease, its performance is generally diarrhea, abdominal pain, and even some people can have blood stool, in general is the inflammatory changes of this disease. However, inflammatory bowel disease in a narrow sense is a chronic non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestine of unknown etiology, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.
Second, what is ulcerative colitis?
Ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory and ulcerative lesion of the large intestinal mucosa, usually begins in the rectum, is often diffuse and occasionally segmental in distribution, mostly involving the sigmoid and descending colon, and in severe cases may involve the entire colon and terminal ileum. The main symptoms are abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucopurulent stools, and shortness of breath. The disease is prone to recurrence and persistence, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients and has been designated by the World Health Organization as one of the modern intractable diseases. Mostly seen in young and middle-aged people aged 20-40, but also in children and the elderly.
What are the symptoms of ulcerative colitis?
The clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis are slow in onset, and the course of the disease can be continuous or a chronic process of alternating active and remitting phases.
(1) fecal traits: the vast majority of patients with ulcerative colitis have changes in fecal traits. (1) stool characteristics: most patients with ulcerative colitis have changes in stool characteristics, depending on the location and severity of the lesion.
(1) Stool characteristics: Most patients with ulcerative colitis have changes in stool characteristics. In particular, mucus and blood stools are considered to be a necessary symptom of the disease activity, and are often the only manifestation in mild patients. The number of stools often reflects the severity of the disease, and very few patients show constipation.
(2) Abdominal pain: mostly spasmodic abdominal pain, often limited to the left lower abdomen or lower abdomen, but also throughout the abdomen. There is a pattern of pain – bowel
There is a pattern of pain – bowel movement – post-pooing relief. In mild cases and patients in remission, there may be no abdominal pain symptoms. In severe cases, the lesion may invade the plasma membrane
In severe cases, the lesion may invade the plasma membrane and cause persistent and severe abdominal pain.
(3) Posterior urgency: When the lesion invades the rectum, it may manifest as posterior urgency.
(4) Gastrointestinal symptoms: In severe cases, there is loss of appetite, epigastric fullness and distension, nausea and vomiting.
(5) Systemic symptoms: in mild cases, it is often not obvious, but in severe cases, there may be fever, accelerated heart rate, wasting, anemia, water-electrolyte imbalance and nutritional disorders. A small number of patients show emotional instability, such as depression, anxiety, insomnia, etc.
Fourth, what is the relationship between intestinal flora and ulcerative colitis?
The intestinal flora is also a sensitive system, and various external factors can cause changes or even disorders in the intestinal flora, which can lead to a variety of gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, numerous studies have found differences in intestinal bacteria between ulcer patients and the normal population. In patients with active ulcerative colitis, beneficial strains of bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are absent from the intestinal mucosa, while E. coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacillus anthracis are present in increased concentrations in the mucosa, compared to healthy individuals. With the development of modern microbiology, the study of the relationship between intestinal flora and the pathogenesis of UC has become increasingly advanced.
Five, ulcerative colitis can cause other systemic diseases?
The extra-intestinal manifestations of ulcerative colitis are thought to be complications related to the autoimmune response. The main manifestations are arthritis, skin mucosal lesions and eye lesions. The incidence of arthritis is around 11.5% and is characterized by frequent complications during the active phase of ulcerative colitis, with more frequent involvement of single, lower joints. Nodular erythema of the skin is more common, as well as limited abscesses, polymorphic erythema, and persistent ulcers of the oral mucosa. Ocular lesions are often manifested as iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, corneal ulcers, etc.
How is ulcerative colitis treated?
Commonly used medications include aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, probiotics, immunomodulators, biologics, antibiotics, Chinese medicine, etc. Patients mostly need long-term medication to maintain treatment. At present, Chinese medicine treatment for ulcerative colitis mainly includes oral Chinese medicine, rectal drug delivery, acupuncture, acupuncture and massage, evidence-based diet and other therapies, many of which are often used in combination, among which oral and rectal drug delivery methods are more often used together. The use of Chinese and Western medicine, using the combination of Chinese and Western medicine, comprehensive treatment of ulcerative colitis, has achieved satisfactory results. Serious or cancerous patients, need surgery.
Seven, what are the health care and anti-disease effects of oral probiotic preparations on human body?
Probiotics refer to live bacteria and their metabolites that improve the micro-ecological balance of the host and play a beneficial role in improving the health level and health status of the host, and their products are beneficial bacteria Kang, Mei Changan, Jin Shuangqi and so on. Their effects can be summarized as follows
(1) Prevent or improve diarrhea: supplementation of probiotics helps balance intestinal flora and restore normal intestinal pH to relieve diarrhea symptoms.
(2) Relieve the symptoms of lactose intolerance: Lactobacillus can help the body break down lactose and relieve diarrhea, flatulence and other uncomfortable symptoms, and can be consumed with milk.
(3) Enhance human immunity: There is a very well-developed immune system in the intestine. Probiotics can regulate the low or high immune activity to normal by stimulating the immune function in the intestine.
(4) Promote intestinal health: Probiotics can inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the intestine, reduce toxins and promote intestinal peristalsis, thus improving intestinal function and bowel movement.
(5) Reduce serum cholesterol: prevent bone loss and prevent osteoporosis.
Eight, ulcerative colitis patients should avoid eating which food
The diet of ulcerative colitis patients should be soft, easy to digest, rich in nutrients and have enough calories as the principle.
(1) Be careful with foods that can cause abdominal pain and diarrhea, such as corn, dried fruit, sweet potatoes, taro, coffee, wine, etc..
(2) Be careful with foods that are likely to cause intestinal allergies, such as shrimp, crab and many other seafood.
(3) raw, cold and spicy stimulating foods and carbonated beverages.
(4) cold milk, spoiled milk, whipped cream, etc.
(5) food that has just been removed from the refrigerator without heating. These foods are improperly consumed and can lead to a decrease in intestinal resistance, increased intestinal peristalsis, increased secretion of intestinal fluids, and an imbalance in the internal environment, which can aggravate diarrhea or prolong the symptoms of ulcerative colitis.
Nine, how to prevent the recurrence of ulcerative colitis?
(1) to establish a good diet, life rules, work and rest.
(2) to maintain optimism, regular aerobic exercise, and enhance physical fitness.
(3) Pay attention to dietary hygiene, avoid intestinal infections, and avoid abdominal cold, which may induce or aggravate diarrhea.
(4) Regular treatment and consolidation of efficacy: after regular clinical treatment, do not take it lightly, as recurrent attacks are the characteristics of the disease, and maintenance treatment should still be strictly followed during the remission period to prevent recurrence.