How to determine the degree of esophageal varices? It is very important to determine the degree of varices in the esophageal veins, which is often done by X-ray esophagogram. This indirect imaging can help to determine the degree of varices. However, because the varices cannot be seen directly, it is difficult to make accurate judgments about the possibility of recent bleeding. Along with the development of endoscopy, high-definition electronic gastroscopy is used to observe the degree, location, color, and comorbidity of esophageal varices. The varices are mainly classified as mild, moderate or severe in terms of degree of varices. Mild varices occupy the lower part of the esophagus and are straight or tortuous, with a diameter of <3 mm. moderate: varices occupy the middle and lower part of the esophagus and are serpentine and tortuously elevated, with a vein diameter between 3 - 6 mm. In addition, red streaks or blister-like changes on the surface of the varices are sometimes seen microscopically, called "red signs". This is a thinning of the vessel wall and indicates the possibility of recent bleeding. It should be given high priority. The more severe the varices in the esophagus, the greater the probability of bleeding. Mild varices of esophageal veins usually do not cause bleeding except for the complications of erosion and ulcers, but in patients with bleeding, the degree of varices is almost above moderate and the red sign is mostly positive, and the incidence of bleeding is highest in those with combined esophagitis and esophageal ulcer. Hard food, overeating, emotional excitement, constipation, etc. are also causes of bleeding. What should a cirrhotic patient do if he vomits blood at home? Once a patient with cirrhosis suddenly vomits blood at home, because there are no necessary emergency measures in the hospital, the following should be the emergency purpose: First, to control the amount and speed of bleeding to prevent the patient from going into shock in the short term due to excessive bleeding; second, to prevent the patient from choking due to blood or clots entering the respiratory tract. Therefore, the patient and family members should do the following: 1, the patient to the pillow to take the side lying position, to keep the airway open, to prevent blood or blood clots into the airway to make the patient suffocate. 2, comfort the patient well, make him relax and calm, do not be afraid, because tension will make the pressure in the varicose vein increase, resulting in faster bleeding and increased bleeding volume. When the tension factor is eliminated and the bleeding reaches a certain amount, the intravenous pressure decreases, the bleeding speed slows down and the bleeding volume decreases, and some patients stop bleeding on their own. 3.Timely call the telephone to contact with the emergency station to fight for emergency time and send to the nearest hospital for rescue. 4.If the patient is bleeding for many times, you can prepare some necessary hemostatic drugs at home, such as Lithopodium, etc.