Endovascular neurosurgery falls under the category of interventional radiology. It is also known as interventional neuroradiology. Interventional neuroradiology is a joint product of traditional neurosurgery and neuroradiology and is an emerging discipline. It is a challenging task to deliver therapeutic drugs or devices into the central nervous system through the vascular route for therapeutic purposes. The technology began in the early 1970s, and the rapid development of interventional radiology in the last decade has led to the effective treatment of many conditions previously considered incurable or intractable, such as large, functional or surgically inaccessible brain and spinal cord arteriovenous malformations, intracranial aneurysms, Galen’s vein aneurysms, and dural arteriovenous fistulas. The treatment of cerebrovascular diseases that previously required surgery, such as carotid cavernous sinus fistula, has been made possible without the pain of craniotomy. Some difficult, dangerous and bleeding procedures, such as skull base meningioma, have been made easier by preoperative embolization. Endovascular neurosurgery in China is mainly carried out by neurosurgeons with the support and cooperation of radiology department. In recent years, this discipline has been developing rapidly due to the advanced digital subtraction angiography (DSA) technology and the wide application of high quality catheters and embolic materials. Nowadays, endovascular treatment in neurosurgery has become one of the main treatments for cerebrovascular diseases.