Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver (IPL) is an extremely rare non-neoplastic disease characterized by inflammatory nodular hyperplasia caused by various inflammatory factors. Epidemiology: The age range is 40 to 70 years. The incidence is higher in men than in women, with a male to female ratio of about 2:1. It can be solitary or multiple, with about 20% of cases being more frequent. Etiology: Currently, it is thought to be related to infection, autoimmune disease, parasitic infection and other factors. IPL is diagnosed by ultrasound as a hypoechoic lesion with a heterogeneous internal distribution, irregular morphology, nodular shape, and characteristic changes of gourd-shaped or dumbbell-shaped nodules in cross-section, with a few halo-like changes. The T1-weighted image shows low signal, no compression, narrowing, or displacement of vessels near the lesion, and higher peripheral signal than normal liver parenchyma in the T1-weighted phase, with an irregular shape and a halo of varying width and narrowness. Clinical manifestations: Patients usually have no special clinical manifestations, no previous history of hepatitis, fever and right upper abdominal pain in the presence of tumor infection and liquefaction. Pathological manifestations: Inflammatory pseudotumors of the liver are complex in terms of pathomorphology and are often confused with various primary or metastatic malignant tumors of the liver. In addition to the above cells, many types of inflammatory cells can be found in the tissue, and mesenchymal vascular proliferation is also obvious. Treatment and prognosis: Inflammatory pseudotumor of the liver is a benign disease with slow development, mild symptoms, no serious complications or carcinoma, and a good prognosis. In clinical work, most scholars believe that preoperative diagnosis of inflammatory pseudotumor is difficult, and surgical resection should be considered for those who cannot exclude hepatocellular tumor. The preferred treatment for IPL is surgical resection. The aim is to clarify the diagnosis and remove the lesion.