What is infertility? The medical definition of infertility is when a couple of childbearing age has a normal sex life, lives together without contraception, and does not become pregnant within 1 year. Couples aged around 25 years with regular sexual intercourse have about a 1/4 chance of getting pregnant each month, and within 1 year about 90% of couples who want a child will become pregnant. Among the causes of infertility, male factors account for about 40%, female factors for about 40%, unexplained infertility for about 10%, problems with both men and women for about 10%, and the other 10% are uncommon factors, including uterine factors, cervical factors, immune factors, etc. What tests should be done in infertility patients? Couples who want to have a baby and have not conceived after 1 year without contraception should go to the hospital for routine tests to find out if there are any abnormalities in the male partner’s semen, including the number, vitality, morphology, acrosome function and the integrity of the sperm nucleus; the female partner needs to be examined to find out if there are any reproductive or systemic disorders affecting pregnancy. These tests include ultrasound, serum sex hormones, endometrial pathology, tubal patency, thyroid function, and hysteroscopy and laparoscopy if necessary. What do I think of the semen analysis test results? The main parameters in the semen test report are sperm density, sperm viability and motility, sperm malformation rate, as well as semen volume, liquefaction time and acidity. If the test results are within the normal range, it indicates that the man has normal fertility; if some of the parameters are not within the normal range, it does not necessarily mean that the man is infertile and should consult a male specialist. The male partner should undergo a semen test when the infertile couple visits the clinic. The semen test requires 2-7 days of abstinence and the use of masturbation to retrieve semen. For assisted reproduction treatment, the male partner is required to masturbate and retain semen under sterile conditions.