Gastroenteritis and respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious disease syndromes in humans. Among the culprits of gastroenteritis, especially in infants and children, rotavirus is one of the most common viruses. Before the invention of vaccines, rotavirus was responsible for approximately 440,000 deaths, 2 million hospitalizations and more than 25 million outpatient visits per year in children younger than 5 years of age alone. Rotavirus infections usually occur in the fall and winter and are herd-onset, with infants and children younger than 2 years of age being the most at-risk group. According to studies, rotavirus infection accounts for 40% of the pathogens in children with fall and winter diarrhea in China each year. In India and some other developing countries, the percentage is even higher. So what are the clinical manifestations of rotavirus infection? The first and foremost is diarrhea. The diarrhea of rotavirus-infected children is usually a large amount of watery stool without pus, blood or mucus, or sometimes white rice soup. In addition, typical symptoms include vomiting, fever, etc. The duration of these symptoms usually ranges from 2-3 days to a week, and can be longer in a few cases due to unrecovered digestive disturbances. In some severe cases, dehydration, convulsions and even death can occur. It is important to note that although most rotavirus infected children have a self-limiting course, rotavirus is a systemic infection, and some children may develop serious complications. 1. Respiratory impairment: It occurs in 30-50% of children, and 20% have only upper respiratory tract infection without diarrhea. The possible mechanism is related to acidosis. However, it is inconclusive whether the presence of respiratory symptoms in these cases is clearly associated with rotavirus infection. 2. Damage to the central nervous system: including convulsions, meningitis, Grimballi syndrome, etc. Infected neonates stimulated with CNS can also cause neonatal apnea. 3, digestive organ damage: rotavirus infection can cause necrotizing enterocolitis, intussusception, liver damage, etc.. It has also been suggested that it may be related to congenital biliary atresia, and rotavirus antigens have been found in the biliary tract tissue of some patients. However, this conclusion has not been supported by concrete evidence.