We often encounter people who suffer from shoulder pain and discomfort in their daily lives and cannot lift their shoulders. In some cases, when the shoulder is raised to a certain angle, the pain becomes obvious and the arm cannot be raised above the head. When the pain is severe, even painkillers don’t work, and they often wake up with pain when they sleep, not knowing how to put their hands, and their quality of life decreases significantly. As time goes by, the shoulder muscles atrophy, the shoulder joint stiffens, and the limitation of shoulder joint movement becomes more and more obvious. Usually, many people mistake the inability to lift the shoulder as “frozen shoulder”. Is there really so much “frozen shoulder”? Frozen shoulder is a form of adhesive capsulitis, currently referred to as frozen shoulder, and can be caused by trauma. It causes pain in the shoulder joint and restricts both active and passive movement, and in some cases affects the combing of the hair, the fastening of the back buttons, and even the personal hygiene of the patient, which seriously affects the quality of life. The long duration of the disease, usually up to 2 years, causes a lot of mental stress to the patient, and in some cases there are residual sequelae such as inability to lift the shoulder. It is evident that frozen shoulder is only one factor in the inability to lift the shoulder, but more often the cause is rotator cuff injury or acromion impingement sign. Due to the lack of understanding of the etiology, anatomy and pathogenesis of shoulder diseases and the lack of professional shoulder physicians, “frozen shoulder” has become the scapegoat for many shoulder diseases. Delayed diagnosis leads to stiffness of the shoulder joint, which makes treatment more difficult. In fact, the clinical incidence of true “frozen shoulder” (adhesive capsulitis) accounts for only about 10% of shoulder pain. With the rapid development of science and technology and diagnostic methods, it has been found that the highest incidence of shoulder joint pathology is actually rotator cuff injury, accounting for 17% to 41%. The next most common pathology is impingement and instability of the shoulder joint. The shoulder joint is the joint with the largest range of motion in the human body, but it is also the most unstable joint. The shoulder joint has a complex structure, consisting of the acromioclavicular joint, the glenohumeral joint and the rostral arch located on it. The glenohumeral joint is the shoulder joint in a narrow sense, mainly composed of the scapular glenoid and the humeral head, with a large head but a small articular surface, so the shoulder joint has a large range of motion, but its stability is poor. The stability of the joint is mainly dependent on static stabilizing structures such as the glenoid labrum and capsular ligament structures and dynamic stabilizing structures such as the rotator cuff and its surrounding muscle tissue. The symptoms of rotator cuff injury are similar to those of acromioclavicular impingement, with pain predominantly increasing in the abduction range of 60 to 120 degrees (positive arc sign) and sleep disturbance when lying on the affected side. Rotator cuff injury is also associated with weakness in supination and limited active range of motion. The main causes of rotator cuff injury are degeneration, impingement and trauma. Chronic rotator cuff injuries are mostly caused by degeneration of the shoulder joint and are age related. Impingement is related to the many anatomical features of the shoulder joint itself, which when repeatedly overactive can produce chronic wear and tear impingement, resulting in rotator cuff injury. Trauma is also a common cause of rotator cuff injury. Acute rotator cuff injuries tend to have a clear history of trauma and are commonly seen in young adults. Acute rotator cuff injuries have a clear history of trauma and are common in young adults. It is a chronic shoulder pain syndrome caused by repeated friction and impact between the intra-articular structures and the rostral arch of the shoulder during shoulder supination and abduction activities. The main symptoms are pain around the shoulder, pain at night, inability to lift the shoulder, and inability to lift the hand over the head. It is related to both the shape of the shoulder peak itself and the degenerative osteophytes of the shoulder peak. There are hooked, curved and flat shoulder crests, among which hooked shoulder crests are most likely to cause rotator cuff injury. Local fracture growth, bone spur formation, and subacromial bursa tissue hypertrophy of the rotator cuff further lead to inflammation and rotator cuff injury. If left untreated, a vicious cycle of symptoms will occur, and shoulder pain and restricted movement will become more and more pronounced, seriously affecting life. When you encounter shoulder pain and restricted movement, you should not take it for granted and jump to the conclusion that it is “frozen shoulder”, which will delay the condition and treatment. If the symptoms are not serious, conservative treatment, including local closure, physiotherapy, rehabilitation exercises, medication, etc., can be started. If the systemic conservative treatment is ineffective, surgery can be performed according to the patient’s specific situation. In addition, osteoporosis is also a problem that needs attention, as patients with bone disease often have more or less combined osteoporosis. Takuo Fujio, a renowned Japanese endocrinologist, has pointed out that “humans, like all terrestrial animals, will be threatened by calcium deficiency throughout their lives.” Calcium deficiency caused by massive calcium loss or malabsorption is an important factor in the development of osteoporosis. In the early 1990s, surveys in Shanghai and Beijing showed that more than 50% of women and 20% of men over 60 years of age suffered from osteoporosis. Ms. Wu had osteoporosis at the same time. The treatment of osteoporosis should be carried out at the same time as the treatment of shoulder disease in order to achieve the desired results. For patients who need surgery, arthroscopic technology is now rapidly developing because of the beautiful surgical incision, small trauma, clear vision and fast recovery. After surgery, with reasonable rehabilitation exercises, the function of the shoulder joint can be restored and the quality of life can be significantly improved. However, the condition is miscarried, and those with large bone defects and serious joint destruction need open surgery, and some even have to replace the artificial joint to partially solve the shoulder joint problem, which brings unnecessary pain to the patients. Therefore, we should update the concept of understanding shoulder joint diseases, improve the level of shoulder joint diagnosis and treatment, so that the shoulder that cannot be lifted can be lifted again.