The prevalence of myopia in China is increasing every year, and the number of children and adolescents with myopia is also increasing, and the age of onset is trending lower and lower. Many parents are very concerned about their children’s myopia. The causes and mechanisms of myopia are still unclear, and many factors may contribute to the onset and development of myopia in children. It is currently believed that myopia is not only related to lifestyle habits such as prolonged close eye use (including prolonged reading, looking at computers, cell phone screens, staying up late to play video games on the Internet, etc., but also studies have found that too many sweets may also be a cause of myopia). In addition to lifestyle habits, myopia is also related to environmental and genetic factors. Some studies have found that crowded and small spaces, dim or too bright light environments can also trigger the onset and development of myopia. In addition, children with high myopia in one or both parents and immediate family members are more likely to develop myopia, and the earlier the age of onset. Since there are many factors that lead to the development of myopia, we need to prevent and control myopia in our life from many aspects at the same time. It is important to follow up closely to detect problems and intervene early. The first of the many factors associated with myopia that are easier for parents and children to change is lifestyle habits. We first recommend that a refractive development file be established at birth to record the health of the child’s eyes during growth and development, so that early detection and diagnosis can be made and early treatment can be provided to control the degree of myopia as early as possible. Secondly, with the current popularity of electronic products, ipads, cell phones, etc. have also become prevalent among preschoolers, as educational tools, parents need to grasp the time their children use these electronic products, it is recommended that every 20 minutes should be a break of 5-10 minutes, during the break to encourage children to more sunny outdoor activities, or look into the distance, such as looking away from the eye, and regularly take the child to participate in kindergarten or community If you find that your child is squinting, tilting his head, or rubbing his eyes frequently when watching TV, your child may have a slight myopia and needs to go to a regular hospital for an eye examination. If your child’s vision is normal, it is also recommended to follow up at least 1-2 times a year. In school-age children, eye prescriptions change as each organ of the body grows and develops. Preschoolers are generally farsighted (positive vision) and as their eyes develop, they slowly recede from farsightedness to 0 degrees – “normal vision” – as their eyes develop. However, if some children use their eyes too much, they will develop further from 0 degrees and become myopic (negative). In addition to growth and development, school-age children spend more and more time using their eyes at close range as they have more school work and attend hobby classes or learn to play the piano. It is recommended that parents supervise the rhythm of their children’s eye use, even if they are studying hard, they should take a break of 10-15 minutes every 30-40 minutes, and during the break they can do something opposite to the previous “fine” and “quiet” things, or look out of the window. You can also play indoor sports such as ping pong, etc. You can still encourage your child to spend more time outdoors in the sun and be close to nature. In addition, the child’s nutrition must be balanced during the growth and development period, not to be picky about food, avoid eating too many sweets, and encourage eating some coarse grains and cereals, which contain trace elements can prevent or reduce the rate of myopia development to some extent. For children who are already nearsighted or who have regulatory myopia (myopia in the natural state but not after pupil dilation), M-blocker-type eye drops can be used under medical guidance to slow or stop the progression of myopia to some extent. If your child is eligible to wear them, families who are in a position to do so can also try to give your child keratoplasty lenses (OK lenses) under the guidance of a doctor. Domestic and international studies have found that OK lenses can also slow down the progression of myopia to a certain extent, as they are only worn at night when sleeping and can be removed during the day to maintain clear vision throughout the day, thus not affecting your child’s daytime activities and learning. Finally, follow-up visits are recommended every 3-6 months. For these patients, they still need to pay attention to their eye habits. Some studies have found that the incidence of high myopia is higher in workers who have been engaged in fine work for a long time, such as watchmakers, jewelry appraisal or embroidery. If you need to use a computer for a long time (such as programmers or secretaries), it is recommended to replace the monitor with a larger screen, increase the text on the monitor, and place the screen 60 cm away. In addition, the development of a scientific work and rest schedule, try not to stay up late and not to rush to work on the prevention and control of myopia is also important, there are studies have found that the human hormone (melatonin) disorders can also lead to the occurrence and aggravation of myopia, and long-term stay up late and lack of sleep will disrupt the body’s physiological rhythms affect the normal secretion of melatonin on myopia to produce certain promotional effects. In view of the increasing incidence of dry eyes among young people (urban population), patients with symptoms of dry eyes, in addition to reducing the duration of each continuous use of the eyes and pay attention to drinking more water and avoiding the air conditioning fan vents, also need to seek medical advice and use artificial tears under the guidance of a doctor to reduce visual fatigue and dry eye symptoms. If you are an adult but your myopia is still increasing at a rate of 100 degrees or more per year, you may be a patient with pathological myopia, which requires the attention of yourself and your family. Pathological myopia is not only a condition of poor vision without glasses, but most of these patients have limited or no improvement in vision even after wearing appropriate glasses. Once diagnosed, these patients need long-term ophthalmic follow-up and avoid strenuous sports (such as combat, diving, ball games that may cause collisions, push-ups, weight lifting and other sports that require sudden force), as well as heavy physical work, such as lifting heavy objects. In severe cases, even coughing and defecation should be restrained, avoiding sudden and excessive force. If you notice any distortion of vision, sudden loss of visual acuity, or fixed black shadows in front of your eyes, you should seek medical attention immediately. Posterior scleral reinforcement surgery is currently the last resort for patients with pathological myopia whose condition has progressed to the point of endangering their vision.