With the development of medicine, it is no longer the goal of doctors to simply cure a disease, but to make the cure simple, safe, non-invasive or minimally invasive, with fast recovery and less cost is the next step we pursue. Atrial septal defect is the most common type of simple congenital heart disease and its treatment is very well established. In addition to the classic atrial septal defect repair via median thoracic incision with general anesthesia, we have developed several minimally invasive methods to treat atrial septal defects. Median sternal “7” incision surgery. This procedure is characterized by the need for general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation, and does not require a complete longitudinal split of the sternum, but only a longitudinal split of the lower sternum to maintain the integrity of the thorax. The chest trauma is half of the classic surgery, and the chest incision is low and more beautiful. The surgery is not difficult. Small right axillary incision (pediatric) or right anterolateral incision (adult). The surgery is performed through the fourth intercostal entry in the right chest. General anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation are still required, but there is no damage to the bones, and the trauma is less than that of the first level of minimally invasive surgery, and the location is hidden and aesthetically pleasing. However, extracorporeal circulation is difficult to intubate during surgery, which increases the risk of surgery. Atrial septal defect repair via right thoracic incision with transfemoral arterial cannulation. The location of the right thoracic incision is the same as the previous minimally invasive procedure, but smaller. The femoral artery is cannulated through a small incision in the right groin to expose the femoral artery to establish extracorporeal circulation. The procedure is safe and feasible because the chest does not need to be intubated and the surgical operation is less invasive. Transthoracoscopic assisted atrial septal defect repair. The surgical approach and extracorporeal circulation intubation are similar to the previous level of surgery. The thoracoscopic assisted view and light source make the operation clearer and safer, so the chest incision is smaller, less than 5 cm. Total thoracoscopic atrial septal defect repair. The atrial septal defect is repaired through three holes in the right chest wall. The surgeon is completely dependent on the screen view provided by the thoracoscope to complete the surgery, and is unable to see the surgical field directly, completing the transition from “head-down surgery” to “head-up surgery”. The procedure is the most minimally invasive form of extracorporeal circulation surgery. Transthoracic atrial septal defect closure. Under general anesthesia, a 2-3 cm incision is made in the right chest, the right atrial surface is sutured, the right atrium is punctured, and the atrial septal defect is sealed with the aid of ultrasound. This procedure does not require extracorporeal circulation and is simple, convenient and reliable. Transcatheter X-ray mediated atrial septal defect occlusion. The procedure can be performed without general anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation, but only requires local anesthesia of the inguinal region, and can be performed with a catheter via the intravenous system under X-ray guidance. This method is currently widely used, but there are indications for it. X-rays can cause radiation damage to the patient and medical staff. Ultrasound-mediated transcatheter occlusion of the atrial septal defect. The method and indications are similar to those of the previous procedure, except that the mediating method is changed from X-ray to ultrasound. It is the most minimally invasive way to treat atrial septal defects because it avoids the radiological damage to the patient and the medical staff from X-rays.