Etiological analysis of visual impairment in work-related injuries Abstract: Objective: To investigate the causes of visual impairment in work-related injuries. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 176 cases (185 eyes) of ocular trauma among the participants of work injury identification in this region from January 2005 to December 2006. Results: There were 155 cases (155 eyes) of mechanical ocular trauma, and the important etiologies of the participants of work injury identification were: ocular contusion, intraocular foreign body, ocular perforation injury, and ocular rupture injury, including 139 cases 139 eyes in men and 16 cases 16 eyes in women, with an average age of (40±3.62), visual acuity: no light perception: 23 eyes (14.83%), light perception ~ number of fingers: 52 eyes (33.54%), 0.1~0.5, 80 eyes (0.5), and 0.1~0.5. 0.5, 80 eyes (51.61%); non-mechanical ocular trauma 21 cases 30 eyes, important causes: chemical injuries, thermal burns, 16 male cases 21 eyes, 5 female cases 9 eyes, average age (40±3.82) years, visual acuity: no light perception: 6 eyes (20%), light perception: 10 eyes (33.33%), 0.1-0.4: 14 eyes (46.66%) Conclusion Mechanical ocular trauma accounts for a large proportion of work-related injuries; the impact of work-related injuries on vision is extremely serious. Ocular trauma caused by industrial production often leads to a series of serious pathological changes in the eye structure, affecting the visual function, or even the destruction of the eye and permanent blindness. The causes, nature of trauma and visual acuity of 176 cases of ocular trauma identified in this region are summarized as follows: 1. Male:female 3.76:1, age 20-80 years old average (40±3.72) years old 1.2 Causes of injury Agricultural ocular trauma 11 cases (11 eyes) accounted for 5.95%, of which stone bruises were the main; industrial ocular trauma to impact, fall, stabbing, explosion or flying debris injuries, followed by chemical injuries and thermal burns. 1.3 Trauma classification Eye contusion: 52 eyes, intraocular foreign body: 66 eyes, perforation injury: 31 eyes, rupture injury: 6 eyes, chemical injury: 4 eyes, thermal burn: 26 eyes 2.Results 2.1 Nature of trauma Eye contusion: 52 eyes, open injury: intraocular foreign body, perforation injury and rupture injury: 103 eyes, chemical injury: 4 eyes, thermal burn: 26 eyes. Complications due to closed blunt contusions include: anterior chamber blood accumulation, traumatic cataract, lens dislocation, vitreous blood accumulation and retinal concussion, retinal detachment, optic nerve damage, secondary glaucoma and secondary endophthalmitis. Due to the rapid development of industry, agriculture, machinery manufacturing, chemical industry and mining in China, the number of workers in labor-intensive industries has increased rapidly, and the number of patients with ocular trauma has increased one after another. Open eye injury, especially intraocular foreign body injury, is a serious blinding eye disease. In addition, post-traumatic infectious endophthalmitis is still a problem that cannot be ignored. According to statistics, there are 10-12 million ocular trauma patients in China, and ocular trauma is one of the three major inpatient ophthalmology diseases in China, accounting for 16%-32% of ophthalmology inpatients. Since the reform and opening up, China has actively introduced and developed advanced equipment, such as operating microscopes, vitrectomes, intraocular microscopic instruments have been commonly used in the treatment of open eye injuries and intraocular foreign body removal surgery, so that the success rate of treatment is greatly improved, so that some patients with no light perception of vision after eye trauma still have the possibility of restoring vision, and the prognosis of vision in open eye injuries has been greatly improved, and the rate of eye atrophy and The rate of eye atrophy and loss has been significantly reduced. In the past, due to the limitation of equipment and technology, the treatment of complex open eye trauma was difficult, and the onset of endophthalmitis after trauma was relatively rapid, with heavy symptoms and poor prognosis. 60% of patients had no light perception or had their eyeballs removed, and the rate of eyeball removal in traumatized eyes was as high as 75% of eyeball removal operations. Among the patients counted in this appraisal, 15.68% of the eyes were atrophied and 4.86% of the eyes were removed, which is much lower than the past statistics. Due to the continuous development and improvement of IOL technology, the visual acuity of unilateral traumatic lens-less eyes has been significantly improved and the high refractive aberration of both eyes has been corrected; ocular segment laser technology has made the treatment of iris atresia and traumatic cataract simple and effective; intraocular laser technology has greatly improved the success rate of traumatic vitreoretinal lesion treatment, and 21 out of 22 patients with early ocular atrophy in the study by Yannian Hui et al. The application of hydroxyapatite prosthetic holders and movable prosthetic eyes improved the appearance of patients; microsurgery and silicone tube placement techniques significantly increased the success rate of tear duct rupture repair; the improvement of clinical management, the application of glucocorticoids and the understanding of pathogenesis reduced the secondary degeneration and necrosis in the injured area and significantly reduced the incidence of sympathetic uveitis after open eye injury . Chemical burns and thermal burns have undergone tissue transplantation, especially corneal transplantation, and conjunctival, corneal limbal stem cell and amniotic membrane transplantation have led to significant improvement in the prognosis and appearance of traumatic corneal leukoplakia and severe chemical burns The development of medicine has brought a boon to patients with ocular trauma, allowing some patients with irrecoverable vision to regain some of their visual function. However, due to different degrees of trauma, there are still some trauma patients who are in a state of low vision and blindness. In this group of patients, no light perception (among which 9 eyes were removed): 29 eyes accounted for 15.68%; light perception ~ number of fingers: 62 eyes accounted for 33.51%; 0.02-0.04; 23 eyes accounted for 12.43%; 0.05-0.25: 42 eyes accounted for 23.08%; 0.3-0.5: 15 eyes accounted for 8.1%; 0.6-0.8: 14 eyes accounted for 7.57%; none of the cases reached 1.0 or above. The vast majority of patients with work-related injuries are young adults, and the disability and disfigurement due to eye injury [11] bring great psychological trauma to patients and families, as well as a burden to society. How to reduce the occurrence of ocular trauma and minimize the damage of ocular trauma is an important issue for us to consider at present. According to the literature, there are about one million people in the United States who lose their vision due to eye trauma, 75% of whom are blind in one eye, and about 50,000 people suffer from serious vision-threatening eye trauma each year, with young males and children being the most common groups of eye trauma. According to the survey, many production processes are a threat to the eyes; therefore, personnel engaged in industrial production must be properly trained before using tools, machines and chemicals. All factories and mining enterprises should strengthen safety education and health propaganda, organize regular training, improve plant equipment, establish job safety operation system; set up protective screens, shields and ventilation and dust removal equipment for dangerous and harmful machinery and operations; use protective caps, shields, anti-toxic masks and masks; use appropriate protective glasses for different types of work. Ophthalmologists must master the knowledge of various fields of ophthalmology and related disciplines, apply new technologies and therapies, explore boldly and innovate to minimize the complications brought about by ocular trauma.