Neuromuscular disease is an important part of neurology, and patients clinically present with muscle weakness, muscle atrophy, easy fatigue, muscle pain, pressure pain, muscle ankylosis, muscle hypertrophy, limb hand and foot numbness and weakness, etc. The clinical manifestations lack specificity, and its diagnosis is sometimes difficult to be confirmed by clinical symptoms, muscle enzyme profile and electromyography alone. Among the ancillary tests for myopathies, pathological examination after muscle biopsy including histology and enzymology is particularly important and is the internationally recognized gold standard for diagnosis. The diagnosis of many myopathies begins with a clinical examination, followed by pathological examination that can lead to the confirmation of a significant proportion of muscle diseases. For example, congenital myopathies such as central axial hollow disease are named according to their pathological features. Some patients with similar symptoms have different myopathies, for example, some patients with limb-girdle myotonic dystrophy are diagnosed with metabolic myopathy after biopsy. Muscle biopsy is less invasive, safer, and provides direct evidence of various muscle lesions without causing any functional impairment to the patient. A small number of muscle biopsies have been performed in the past, but the use of paraffin-embedded specimens resulted in significant structural damage to the muscle fibers and limited diagnostic value because only simple HE staining could be performed, limiting the diagnosis and treatment of neuromuscular disease. Tissue sections for muscle histochemical staining should be frozen tissue sections rather than paraffin-embedded tissue sections, because frozen tissue sections provide particularly good morphological and diagnostic information on muscle fibers. However, the technique of making frozen sections of muscle is demanding, and carelessness may produce a large number of ice crystals that may destroy the structure of muscle fibers. The combination of these reasons has limited the development of muscle biopsy techniques. HE staining alone has limited diagnostic value HE observation of myofiber pathology, nuclei: including myofiber degeneration, necrosis and regeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, myofiber vacuoles, myofiber division, nuclear aggregation, central nucleus, nuclear internal migration and connective tissue hyperplasia has an important role in muscle myopathy diagnosis, but for metabolic myopathies, such as glycogen accumulation disease, lipid deposition disease, mitochondrial myopathy and some congenital myopathies However, for metabolic myopathies such as glycogen accumulation diseases, lipid deposition diseases, mitochondrial myopathies and some congenital myopathies, the discriminatory ability is insufficient, thus requiring special enzymatic staining. For lipid deposition disease, oil red O (ORO) and Sudan black (SBB) staining is required; for glycogen accumulation disease, glycogen staining (PAS) is required; for myopathies caused by enzyme abnormalities related to mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme complexes, NADH, SDH, and COO staining becomes important. For neurogenic myopathies and congenital myopathies, ATPase staining is of great value. The pathological sections of myopathies need to be read by a neuromyopathologist. There are many different types of muscle diseases with complex clinical manifestations and various pathological findings, so it is difficult for pathologists to issue accurate diagnostic reports on simple pathological manifestations without clinical data and experience. They also lack experience in the pathological diagnosis of muscle diseases. In conclusion, it is decided that the pathology report of muscle diseases can only be done by neurologists who are trained in muscle diseases, and in fact, this is the model adopted by high-level muscle disease centers at home and abroad. The Department of Neurology of the First Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, relying on the Key Laboratory of Neurology, has successfully established a research platform for neuromyopathology, and is now proficient in muscle biopsy, frozen section, muscle histochemical staining and enzyme staining. At the same time, the specialized physicians have learned from the famous myopathologists in China and have rich experience in muscle pathology reading. At present, we have carried out more than ten kinds of muscle special staining including HE, NADH, SDH, COX, acid phosphatase, PAS, ORO, SBB, ATPase (including conventional ATPase and two kinds of ATPase staining under different acidic pH values), and are capable of staining myotonic dystrophy, congenital myopathy (including central axis null disease, congenital myofiber type imbalance, etc.), inflammatory myopathy (including central axis null disease, congenital myofiber type imbalance, etc.), inflammatory myopathy (including congenital myopathy, etc.), and myopathy. inflammatory myopathies (including inclusion body myositis, eosinophilic myositis, etc.), myotonic syndrome, metabolic myopathies (mitochondrial myopathy, glycogen accumulation disease and lipid deposition disease), neurogenic muscular atrophy (ALS, SMA), endocrine myopathies (steroid myopathy, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), rhabdomyolysis, hypercreatine kinaseemia, central nervous system degenerative diseases (waxy lipofuscin It provides a reliable diagnosis of almost all types of myopathies such as steroid myopathy (hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism), rhabdomyolysis, hypercreatine kinaseemia, CNS degenerative diseases (waxy lipofuscin deposition), and myalgia of unknown origin, and guides clinical treatment.