Bariatric and diabetic surgery is a well-established surgical procedure. Gastric bypass is the most common and successful combined bariatric and diabetic surgery in the United States, as it is effective in weight loss and glycemic control, while sleeve gastrectomy does not alter the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract and does not interfere with the normal digestion and absorption of food, and is currently the most common bariatric and diabetic surgery in Europe. The overall safety of bariatric and diabetic surgery has been greatly improved with advances in technology, increased surgical experience, and improved preoperative and postoperative care. The risks associated with a single bariatric and diabetic surgery are similar to (or even less than) those associated with some of the more common surgeries around us. One current misconception about Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is that the procedure is associated with high complications and mortality. A new study suggests that laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass may be safer than other common procedures. The study found that the 30-day risk of death from the procedure was 3 per 1,000, 1/10th the risk of cardiovascular surgery and comparable to the risk of death from knee replacement surgery. One month after surgery, only 3.4 percent of patients experienced some kind of serious adverse effect, the same complication rate as in gallbladder surgery or uterine surgery. Studies have shown that in patients with type 2 diabetes, bariatric surgery can help control blood sugar and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, and possibly even control blood sugar completely. Now patients and doctors are concerned about how safe bariatric surgery really is. Researchers specifically compared the complications and mortality rates of laparoscopic gastric bypass in diabetic patients with concomitant obesity to those of similar patients undergoing coronary artery bypass, total knee replacement and other abdominal surgeries, and found that laparoscopic gastric bypass patients had shorter hospital stays and lower reoperation rates than cardiac surgery. There are nine adverse events for which laparoscopic gastric bypass has a lower incidence, such as bleeding, sepsis, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular embolism, infectious shock, acute renal failure, heart attack, and stroke. Not only will bariatric surgery provide benefits in terms of alleviating diabetes, but early intervention can simplify subsequent high-risk steps in treating cardiovascular complications of diabetes (e.g., coronary artery bypass grafting). These studies will provide additional guidance and reference to further our understanding of the benefits and potential risks of bariatric surgery, and we look forward to more new advances in bariatric surgery.