Trauma is very common in daily life and after traffic accidents; this article introduces some common effective first aid disposal methods for reference in emergency self-help and mutual help.
Emergency rescue measures for craniocerebral trauma.
1.Check and judge whether there is head trauma and whether the injured person is in danger as soon as possible. If there is head trauma, the following procedures should be followed for rapid rescue.
(1) Don’t move the injured person casually, let the injured person lie on his side, tilt his head back, and make sure the airway is open.
(2) If breathing stops, perform artificial respiration. If the pulse is absent or there is no pulsation in the precordial area, perform cardiac resuscitation.
(3) If bleeding from the scalp, stop the bleeding by compressing with dressing or clean clothes.
2.If there is blood or clear fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) flowing from the nose and ears, let the injured person lie on his or her side with the affected side of the head down (i.e. left side down when the left side of the nose and ears are flowing, right side down when the right side is flowing); if there is a lot of bleeding from the mouth and nose, let the patient lie on his or her side with the head back so that the airway is open.
3.Seek help from 120 in time.
Emergency rescue measures for chest trauma.
1, open chest wall trauma (open pneumothorax) should quickly close the wound, available dressings to fill the wound with adhesive tape to close, a moment can not find the material to close the wound, the palm of the hand can be used to tightly press the wound to achieve the role of sealing the wound.
2.Rib fracture can reduce the pain when breathing after using only adhesive tape multiple paste.
3, open chest wall trauma and open rib fracture with gauze or clean clothing compression to stop bleeding.
4.If the injured person appears to cough up blood or blood clots, pale face, pulse disappears, precordial area pulsation disappears, and the injured person suspected of lung contusion, tracheal rupture or heart rupture, it is better to send to the nearby hospital for treatment quickly or listen to the guidance of 120 and 122 alarm stations.
Emergency rescue measures for abdominal trauma.
1.When the abdominal wound bleeds, fill the wound with dressing or clean clothes (towel, underwear, handkerchief, etc.) and apply pressure bandage.
2, open abdominal trauma with intestinal tube and other bulging, available sterilized dressing or clean clothing soaked in saline (no saline available mineral water) after covering, such as conditions available small plastic basin, rice bowl, etc. cover, and bandage, sleeves, etc. to wrap fixed cover to protect the intestinal tube and other tissues.
3, the injured person such as pale, cold sweat, pulse loss and other signs, it is likely that the liver, spleen, large blood vessel rupture, the abdomen can be bed sheets, clothing and other pressure bandages after rapid transfer to nearby hospitals or contact with 120, 122/110 alarm station.
Fracture emergency rescue measures.
1, open fractures are often accompanied by heavy bleeding, should first stop bleeding and then fixed. Disinfectant dressing or clean clothes (such as sweatshirt, towel handkerchief, etc.) can be used to fill the wound, wrap the exposed fracture end and then add a strap (or two sleeves of shirt, two trouser legs) to add pressure and fix it.
2, the limb fracture should be fixed with splints, sticks, stretcher, bamboo poles and other fixings over the upper and lower joints. If a fixation cannot be found for a while, the injured upper limb can be tied together with the chest and the lower limb with the healthy side of the lower limb. This can prevent further displacement of the fracture causing secondary nerve and vascular injury, and at the same time can reduce pain.
3, suspected of cervical, thoracic, lumbar fractures of the injured, should be 4 to 5 people at the same time, the same direction, parallel transport, so that the injured lying on a rigid stretcher, board (door), both sides of the neck with sandbags (or clothing) pad to prevent the neck left and right rotation.
Self-rescue and first aid measures at the scene of burns.
1, such as fire, should be as soon as possible from the source of the fire, do not shout to avoid respiratory burns.
2.From the source of the fire after sleeping on the ground rolling fire, if there is a water source nearby, quickly drench the body with water to extinguish the fire, can significantly reduce the degree of burns.
3, rinse the injured surface with clean water, especially the eyes, head, face, hands until no pain. This measure is very important and is the best way to effectively reduce the degree of burns (scalding).
4, carefully remove the clothes (preferably cut), again with clean water rinse the wounded surface after covering the wounded surface with dressing clean clothes transfer to the hospital.
5.If the injured person feels dry mouth can drink light salt water.
6, when the pain is severe, you can take strong oral painkillers.
Chemical burns (strong acid and alkali burns) on-site self-help and first aid measures.
1.After rinsing the wounded surface with a large amount of clean water, carefully remove the casualty’s clothes (preferably cut open) and rinse again, especially the eyes, head, face and hands.
2.When the injured person feels dry mouth can drink light salt water.
3, when the pain is severe, you can take strong painkillers orally.
Precautions.
(1) strong alkali burns generally do not use neutralizing solution (such as acetic acid, etc.) rinse, so as not to neutralize the thermal effect aggravate the burn.
(2) strong acid burns can be neutralized with a neutralizing solution (such as 5% sodium bicarbonate solution) rinse and then rinse with a large amount of clean water, which can reduce the injury.
Drowning first aid measures.
(1) remove dirt: quickly rescue the drowning person from the water, immediately remove water and sediment and other dirt from the mouth and nose, pull out their tongues to ensure a clear airway.
(2) quickly pour water: pour out the respiratory tract and stomach water. Pouring method: the drowning person lying prone, lower abdomen padded, head down and hand pressure on his back, so that the water poured out; resuscitator as a lunge to place the drowning person’s abdomen on his knees, head down and hand pressure on his back so that the water poured out; hold the drowning person’s legs, put his abdomen on the shoulders of the first aider, the first aider fast walk, so that the water poured out.
(3) cardiopulmonary resuscitation: for those who have breathing and (or) cardiac arrest, immediately administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (refer to the article on cardiopulmonary resuscitation), do not give up easily for adolescent drowning, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should last for more than 45 minutes. When available, epinephrine, coramidine, Lopressor, etc. should be given by medical personnel.