Currently, transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy is performed in only a few hospitals in China. This technique is performed with an ultrasound probe device mounted on the front of the bronchoscope, combined with a special suction biopsy needle that allows needle aspiration biopsies to be performed under real-time ultrasound guidance. The electron convex array scanning color Doppler is used to simultaneously help confirm the location of the vessel and prevent accidental vessel penetration. The outer diameter of the aspiration needle is usually 22 gauge, so that adequate tissue samples can be obtained in the majority of cases. The current diagnostic rate of this puncture is 89-97% nationally and internationally. The main indications for EBUS-TBNA are: 1) evaluation of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in metastatic tumors in the lung; 2) evaluation of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes in primary lung cancer; 3) diagnosis of hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement of unknown origin; 4) identification and diagnosis of mediastinal tumors and infiltration of the wall of tracheobronchial primary tumors; 5) detection of submucosal lesions in the airway; 6) determination of whether esophageal cancer has invaded the trachea 6.Determine whether esophageal cancer has invaded trachea, bronchus. Contraindications to EBUS examination are as follows: 1. poor general condition, weakness and inability to tolerate general anesthesia; 2. inability to cooperate with the examination; 3. unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, severe cardiac arrhythmia, severe cardiac insufficiency, failure to effectively control hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases; 4. respiratory failure; 5. allergy to anesthetic drugs; 6. severe bleeding tendency and coagulation disorders; 7. 7. Patients with high fever and hemoptysis; 8. Patients with aortic aneurysm at risk of rupture and severe superior vena cava obstruction.