Adrenal nodules are substantial lesions that usually do not heal on their own and require prompt treatment. Adrenal nodules are commonly associated with adrenocortical hyperplasia and adrenal adenoma, and the exact cause is unknown. Adrenocortical hyperplasia is associated with salt corticosteroid or glucocorticoid overproduction. Salt corticosteroid overproduction can cause primary aldosteronism, with clinical manifestations such as hypertension, increased nocturia, and hypokalemia. If the overproduction of salt corticosteroids does not cause substantial lesions, medication can be used; overproduction of glucocorticoids can cause Cushing’s syndrome, and Cushing’s syndrome and adrenal adenoma must be treated by surgical removal of the enlarged gland or adenoma. Patients who develop adrenal nodules must promptly visit the nephrology or urology departments of regular hospitals, actively cooperate with the specialist and choose the appropriate treatment modality for treatment.