Currently, the drug of choice is warfarin oral anticoagulation, once a day, 3mg once a day, and the coagulation test is repeated once a week for the first 3 months to control the INR index between 2 and 3, and after it is more stable, the coagulation test is repeated once a month. For general patients with lower extremity DVT, ACCP recommends long-term anticoagulation for 3 to 6 months. For certain patients with abnormal coagulation mechanisms and other high-risk factors, lifelong anticoagulation is recommended. Anticoagulation is associated with certain
risks, including heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, bleeding from skin mucosa, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and even intracranial sites, to name a few. This often puts anticoagulation therapy in a dilemma: if the dose of the drug is insufficient, a satisfactory therapeutic effect cannot be achieved; and in case the dose is excessive, the risk of bleeding will be greatly increased, and even life-threatening. Therefore, a formal, professional anticoagulation program should be developed at the outset by a vascular surgeon according to the patient’s individual situation (thrombotic risk factors, general physical condition, lifestyle habits, etc.). During the anticoagulation process, the vascular surgeon will also test the coagulation indicators according to the patient’s condition and continuously adjust the medication according to the test results. Currently, oral rivaroxaban is also an option for patients who are financially well off. It does not require frequent rechecking of coagulation and has a lower incidence of fatal bleeding than warfarin, but it is expensive.