In recent months, the Department of Urology of the City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine has admitted four young patients with testicular diseases, all of whom underwent orchiectomy on one side, two of whom had testicular necrosis due to “testicular torsion” and the other two had “testicular cancer”, the youngest of whom was only 18 years old, while the remaining three were only in their twenties. The youngest case was only 18 years old, and the remaining three cases were only in their twenties. If a young man suddenly experiences testicular pain and discomfort, or if his testicles quietly increase in size, he should go to the urology department of a hospital as soon as possible to have relevant examinations and understand the causes of testicular lesions, so as to avoid delays in treatment. The normal testicle has a certain degree of mobility in the scrotum and relies on three arteries to supply blood. Due to congenital malformation, trauma or abnormal activity, the testicle can be twisted for a week to several weeks, causing the above arteries to be occluded, resulting in acute ischemia of the testicle. Testicular torsion occurs in adolescents and peaks at the age of 14, with about 65% of cases occurring between the ages of 2 and 18. In most cases, there is no obvious cause before the onset of the disease, and the testicle can be spontaneously twisted; in a few cases, it develops after trauma or abnormal activity. The typical symptoms are pain and swelling on one side of the scrotum suddenly. The pain can also start in the lower abdomen, inguinal region or thigh due to involvement, and the shortening of the twisted spermatic cord can cause the testicle to be elevated. Clinically, the onset of testicular torsion is often atypical, so it has often been misdiagnosed as testicular or epididymitis and treatment is delayed. Once diagnosed, testicular torsion often requires surgical treatment. The prognosis depends on the length of time between onset and surgery. According to statistics, if the testicle is operated within six hours of onset, the survival rate is 100%; if the testicle is operated within six to twelve hours, the survival rate decreases to 70%; if the testicle is operated after more than twelve hours, the survival rate decreases to 20%, which shows the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, we believe that any patient under 35 years of age who finds the above symptoms should go to the hospital immediately. Given that primary care physicians may not always be familiar with this disease and lack the necessary diagnostic equipment, we suggest that patients should preferably visit a urology specialist to avoid delaying the disease and causing irreversible consequences. Testicular tumors are the most common type of tumors of the male genital organs. They are a large family, mainly composed of two “cousins” who are slowly reproduced from their “father” brothers. These two “paternal” brothers, the “oldest” is called germ cell tumor and the “youngest” is called non-germ cell tumor. Each of the brothers is in charge of their own family. Tumors originating from the “oldest” family are more common and more frequent than those originating from the “second” family, so people are familiar with the “children” of the “oldest” family. The tumors that originate from the “oldest” family are more common and more frequent than those from the “second” family. “Children”: gonadal stromal tumor, gonadal germ cell tumor, testicular reticulum adenoma, mesenchymal tumor, carcinoid tumor, and residual adrenal tumor. The names of these eleven “cousins” are so strange and difficult to remember that they sound a bit scary. Moreover, none of them are “good” children, and all of them are malignant tumors that attack the human body. Some of the names sound a bit “good”, like what seminoma, teratoma, etc. From their names, it seems not so “bad”. In fact, they are all “less evil”, so people should not be fooled by their appearance and take them lightly. Testicular tumors usually occur in young adults, and they have a common “hobby”, which is to quietly create a lump in the testicles. This lump is often painless, but very heavy, hard like a stone, weighing heavily in the hand, so patients often have a feeling of falling. Some individual tumors can grow to be huge, weighing tens of kilograms, and by then, it is very difficult for patients to walk. Some tumors can also secrete some androgens and chorionic gonadotropins, which interfere with the normal physiological functions of the body and cause abnormal endocrine disorders, but also provide clues for doctors to “hunt” them down. The testicles are located in the scrotum, which is superficial and easy to touch. If you find lumps, hard nodes or abnormal enlargement of the testicles, which are heavy and hard, you should be highly alert to the occurrence of testicular tumor and seek medical attention as soon as possible. The treatment of testicular tumor depends on the nature of different tumors. In general, for testicular tumor found in early stage, the first thing to do is to remove the affected testicle, and according to whether there is metastasis or not, lymph node dissection, together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy and other treatment measures, can generally achieve better long-term results.