In the surgical treatment of thyroid cancer, the traditional combined radical surgery based on total thyroidectomy + cervical lymph node dissection may cause postoperative complications because the sensory nerves and some blood vessels in the neck are removed. Currently, the most advanced surgical method in China: modified cervical lymph node dissection with preservation of the cervical plexus nerve, which means that a large round neck surgical incision is used and functional tissues such as the cervical plexus nerve are preserved as much as possible during surgery, except for the tissues that must be removed. This new procedure can better preserve the appearance and function of the neck and shoulder, and the incision is aesthetically pleasing and low enough to completely cover the scar by wearing a collar in the future. The patient’s skin sensation in the neck and occipital area is restored within a short time after surgery, and the preservation of the transverse cervical artery increases neuroprotection and flap blood flow. Compared with the traditional procedure, the modified debulking procedure can maximize the appearance, preserve the function and improve the quality of postoperative survival of patients. The thyroid gland is an important endocrine organ of the human body, which is responsible for the uptake and storage of iodine. Thyroid cancer accounts for about 1/3 of all head and neck tumors and is one of the malignant tumors with the highest incidence in the endocrine system. The cause of thyroid cancer is still difficult to determine, and most scholars believe that the development of thyroid cancer is mostly closely related to ionizing radiation, iodine intake, female hormone levels and family factors. Recent studies have found that estrogen is likely to be involved in the occurrence and development of thyroid cancer, and the higher the level of estrogen in the body, the more it contributes to the development of thyroid cancer. Women have more estrogen in their body, plus the hormone level in their body is the highest in their lifetime when they are in the prime of life around 20 to 40 years old, so women are the majority of thyroid cancer patients in this stage. The incidence of thyroid cancer in coastal cities has been on the rise in recent years. In China, the incidence of thyroid cancer is highest in coastal cities such as Wenzhou, Taizhou and Tianjin, Zhejiang Province. Most of thyroid cancers have low malignancy and rarely have hematogenous metastasis, so the prognosis is good. However, there are some thyroid cancer lumps that are only a few millimeters and are already advanced by the time physicians touch them out. If the voice is hoarse and it is difficult to swallow, it is already in the middle to late stage. Generally, the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer is due to low iodine, but nowadays we often find cases related to high iodine in clinical practice. Residents in coastal cities usually consume more seafood, some of which contain excessive iodine, especially seaweed, seaweed, kelp and jellyfish, and they love to eat pickled seafood, which sow the hidden danger for thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is diagnosed and treated at an early stage. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage of thyroid cancer, and the physical signs are often hard and uneven thyroid lumps. The symptoms of tumor compression are hoarseness, difficulty in breathing or swallowing, among which enlargement of thyroid gland with hoarseness is the characteristic manifestation of thyroid cancer. If there is asymmetric enlargement or hard nodules in the thyroid gland, and the enlargement is rapid or fixed, thyroid cancer should be suspected. People between 20 and 40 years old, especially women with high stress, family history of thyroid cancer, and residents of coastal areas, should have a medical checkup at least once a year in a regular specialized hospital. Commonly used examinations include ultrasound, CT, MRI, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), etc.