In principle, small bowel transplantation should be considered in irreversible intestinal failure when total parenteral nutrition (TPN) fails to maintain life or when life-threatening complications occur. According to the different underlying diseases of different recipients, small bowel transplantation is divided into three types of surgery: simple small bowel transplantation, liver-small bowel transplantation, and multi-vessel transplantation. Simple small bowel transplantation: (1) short bowel syndrome: necrotizing small bowel inflammation, small bowel atresia, midgut torsion, abdominal fissure, abdominal disfigurement injury, Crohn’s disease, mesenteric vascular embolism or thrombosis; (2) defective small bowel motility: myopathy or neuropathy of the cavernous organ, and ganglionlessness of the whole small bowel; (3) impaired absorption of small bowel cells: microvillus-containing disease, selective autoimmune bowel disease, radiation enteritis and inflammatory bowel disease; (4) Gastrointestinal tumors: Gardner syndrome, mesenteric sclerofibroma, small bowel polyposis. Combined liver-small bowel transplantation: (1) For cases of irreversible bowel failure combined with irreversible liver failure. Hepatic failure is often secondary to long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in patients with small bowel failure. (2) Combined liver-small bowel transplantation is also indicated in cases of hepatic failure combined with portal vein and superior mesenteric vein thrombosis. *For hypercoagulable patients with normal liver function, patent splenic vein and extensive thrombosis in the superior mesenteric vein, small bowel transplantation alone is immediate, but lifelong oral anticoagulants are required after surgery. Combined multi-organ transplantation: Multiple abdominal organs (including the small intestine) fail or the tumor involves multiple abdominal organs, requiring combined multi-organ transplantation. Complete multivisceral transplantation includes block transplantation of the liver, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and all of the small intestine, and modified multivisceral transplantation is block transplantation of organs other than the liver.