1, pre-hospital first aid principles first to save lives and then treat injuries (treatment), first heavy and then light, first after the risk of rescue, first to save the living after the disposal of the body, to rescue the main, to maintain the basic vital signs of the sick and wounded.
2, the principle of transfer: in the premise of the injury condition allows, must be quickly sent to the hospital under medical supervision, closely observe the injury condition and changes in vital signs on the way, carefully do a good job of field records and transfer records, and properly stored.
3.Characteristics of pre-hospital emergency care work.
(1) social and random
(2)Emergency time
(3)Large mobility
(4)Poor medical emergency environment
(5) Complex disease types with symptomatic treatment as the main focus
(6) High physical intensity
4.The basic qualities of pre-hospital emergency nurses.
(1) psychological quality
(2) Professional and technical quality
(3) Nursing professional quality
(4) Physical quality of nurses.
5.The basic requirements of pre-hospital emergency nurses
(1) mastering the basic principles and operational techniques of basic and advanced life emergencies.
(2) master the principle of action, application dose and observation points of common drugs
(3) master the etiology, pathology, symptoms and signs of common acute diseases of patients in pre-hospital emergency, and be able to skillfully cooperate with doctors to complete on-site rescue and treatment
(4) Master the techniques of using all equipment in the ambulance, such as defibrillation monitor, ventilator, electrocardiogram, etc.
(5) In the execution of rescue tasks must obey the unified orders, do not leave their posts, and solve patient problems at any time.
6, nursing physical examination including look, touch, tap, listen and other basic physical examination, especially focusing on the observation of changes in vital signs and the discovery of problems that can be solved in a nursing manner.
7.Nursing physical examination should pay attention to the three clear hear the main complaint of the patient or the bystander, ask about the details related to the onset or trauma, and see the symptoms and signs and local manifestations that are compatible with the main complaint.
8.Emergency care procedures mainly include nursing physical examination, implementation of emergency care measures, transfer and monitoring en route.
9.Morphine is appropriate for pain relief in acute myocardial infarction.
10.Patients with acute myocardial infarction with ECG monitoring showing “ventricular fibrillation” should be resuscitated immediately, and the first step should be non-synchronous DC defibrillation.
11.Patients with sudden increase in blood pressure, severe headache, convulsions and coma are diagnosed as: hypertensive encephalopathy.
12.The basic cause of shock is DIC.
13.The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is: peptic ulcer.
14.The most common cause of death in uremia is: cardiac insufficiency.
15.The clinical characteristics of diabetic ketoacidosis are: deep and large breathing and exhaled breath smells like rotten apples.
16.The main causes of death from diabetes in China are cerebrovascular accidents and coronary heart disease.
17.The most common cause of cerebral hemorrhage is hypertension.
18.Patients with cerebral hemorrhage present with bilateral pupil dilatation and loss of light reflex, commonly due to: temporal lobe gyrus herniation.
19.When brain herniation is formed, lumbar puncture is not allowed.
20.The acute treatment of cerebral hemorrhage is: lowering blood pressure, mannitol to lower intracranial pressure, maintaining water-electrolyte balance, and antibiotics to prevent infection.