I. Prevention of cervical spondylosis
From the etiology of cervical spondylosis, the prevention of cervical spondylosis is multifaceted, and it runs through the daily life and work of people. Prevention should include the following aspects.
1, active treatment of throat disorders
Inflammation in the throat is not only prone to spontaneous dislocation of the upper cervical spine, but is also one of the factors triggering cervical spondylosis. The inflammation there can directly stimulate the adjacent muscles and ligaments, or make the inflammation spread locally through the rich lymphatic system, resulting in the reduction of muscle tone, ligament relaxation and imbalance inside and outside the vertebral joint, thus destroying the local integrity and stability and leading to the occurrence or aggravation of cervical spondylosis. Therefore, timely prevention and control of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and other bone and soft tissue infections are important for the prevention and treatment of cervical spondylosis.
2, maintain a good sleep position
As pointed out above, a good sleep position should maintain the physiological curvature of the entire spine and make the patient feel comfortable, so that the whole body muscles can be relaxed and easily recover from fatigue and adjust the physiological state of the joints. According to this requirement should make the chest, waist to maintain the natural curvature, both hips and knees are flexed, the whole body muscles can be relaxed, so it is best to take the side or supine, not prone, the pillow should not be too high.
3, prevention and control of trauma to the head and neck
People in physical exercise, daily work, traffic activities are prone to neck trauma. Early neck trauma patients who have paravertebral muscle pressure pain or X-ray shows that there are shadows in front of the vertebral body should pay great attention. After the trauma, patients should do early treatment. Such as light available plaster neck circumference control neck activities, generally need to be hospitalized to perform traction treatment.
4, avoid long-term low head work
Long-term low head work intensity is often small, but long-term low head caused muscle and ligament tissue strain in the back of the neck, the internal pressure of the intervertebral disc in the flexed neck state is much higher than the normal body position. Therefore, we should regularly change the head and neck position, when the head and neck to one side of the rotation for too long, should be the other direction of movement, and repeat several times in a short period of time, which is conducive to neck health, but also to eliminate fatigue. Regular farsightedness, to work again after the elimination of eye fatigue is necessary for the eyes and cervical spine. Adjust the height and tilt of the workbench, such as the workbench is too high or too low will make the neck supination or flexion, these two positions are not conducive to the internal and external balance of the cervical spine. Long-term ambulatory workers should carry out interval exercise activities, so that the cervical spine in a state of fatigue regularly obtain internal and external balance.
Second, the rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis
The purpose of rehabilitation of cervical spondylosis is to strengthen psychotherapy, encourage patients to enhance their confidence and determination to overcome the disease; prevent and actively treat complications; maximize the function of the residual limb through functional exercise and improve the quality of life; after the condition is stable, some patients should also carry out work training to create conditions for future employment.
1.Psychological treatment
Patients with cervical spondylosis often have pessimistic psychology and impatient mood. Patients should be propagated and explained in a scientific manner that early cervical spondylosis can be treated with good results through reasonable treatment. Moreover, the onset of cervical spondylosis is a slow process, and it takes considerable time for treatment, especially for those with long duration and heavy conditions. Excessive impatience not only affects the treatment, but also makes it easier for patients to be in an unstable state for a long time and difficult to cooperate with treatment. The elderly are prone to pessimism and sometimes geriatric psychosis, which requires corresponding measures in treatment, in addition to psychiatric rehabilitation, and if necessary, the assistance of a psychoneurologist.
2.Individual self-care and labor training
Some patients are induced by trauma, and if they do not achieve satisfactory results after treatment, their limbs will lose their normal functions. During the rehabilitation period, patients should be trained to take care of themselves, and this training often needs to be repeated continuously according to the specific environment in order to succeed. When possible, patients should also participate in household chores, not only to reduce the burden on the family, but also to help adjust the mental state.
3.Training residual muscle groups
When there is atrophy of muscle tissue, the potential of each muscle should be determined through instruments and physical examination, and training should be carried out when there is potential in order to restore the corresponding muscle strength and endurance, with special emphasis on the recovery of hand muscle strength. Muscle strength training should include limb massage and passive joint training. Massage can prevent muscle contracture and joint stiffness, increase skin blood flow and lymphatic reflux at the place of pressure, and promote peristalsis of the gastrointestinal tract. Passive operation should be done in a proper manner, orderly and in good order, avoid roughness.
4.Application of auxiliary equipment
A variety of support devices and self-help devices have played a great role in the development of rehabilitation medicine, and some of them are equipped with microcomputers. Canes, crutches, knee pads, leg pads, elbow pads and functional braces for the lower extremities all help improve patient function. However, any of these aids need to be trained before they can be applied.
Walking training and wheelchair use are the most important elements of training. Those who have partial muscle strength in the lower limbs should first train the muscle strength of the lower limbs, including straight leg raising, weight lifting of the lower limbs, extension and flexion activities, etc.
5.Occupational training
People with lower limb disabilities but with upper limb function intact or basically intact should learn some special techniques and skills according to their knowledge structure and interests. Repairing, knitting, computer operation, telephone connection, etc. can still be done for some patients, but care should be taken not to lower the head for a long time.
6.Treat complications
Complications mostly occur in paraplegic and incomplete paraplegic patients. We should do regular turning to prevent bed sores; train regular defecation and urination, remove the catheter as early as possible and control urination.