In clinical work, we often encounter patients with recurrent carnal hematuria. Since hematuria caused by uroepithelial cancer (bladder cancer, ureteral cancer, renal pelvis cancer) is usually painless and can be relieved by itself, some patients do not pay attention to it, and when they seek medical consultation, they are often in the advanced stage of cancer, which is a great pity to delay the treatment. Hematuria is the most common symptom of bladder cancer, especially intermittent painless hematuria. The time of hematuria and the amount of bleeding are not consistent with the malignancy, stage, size, number and shape of tumor; some patients with bladder cancer can also have urinary frequency, urinary urgency, difficulty in urination and pelvic pain as the first manifestation, which are often related to diffuse carcinoma in situ or invasive bladder cancer, while early non-invasive carcinoma usually has no such symptoms. In addition to intermittent hematuria, worm-like blood clots and blood streaks may be commonly seen in the urine of renal pelvis cancer and ureteral cancer, and some patients have back pain, which is related to ureteral obstruction caused by cancer foci or blood clots. In addition, ureteral and pelvic cancers can also cause hydronephrosis, which can sometimes be misdiagnosed as stones.