Pathological myopia is a high degree of myopia characterized by damage to the posterior pole of the eye caused by excessive growth of the eye axis. This type of myopia is distinguished from simple myopia by its main characteristics: 1. the growing length of the eye axis, which is manifested by the bulging of the posterior part of the eye; 2. the increasing number of myopia with age; 3. damage to the retina and choroid of the posterior pole of the eye. It may lead to ischemic pathological changes such as vitreous clouding and liquefaction, retinal and choroidal atrophy and macular degeneration, causing serious damage to visual function. Wearing high myopia lenses alone cannot control the eye damage and complications. At present, the safe and effective method for treating high myopia at home and abroad is posterior scleral reinforcement surgery. The procedure uses medical silicone sponge, allograft sclera or broad fascia as a protective reinforcement material to strengthen and fuse the posterior pole sclera, which supports the posterior pole of the eye and prevents progressive expansion of the posterior pole and progressive lengthening of the eye axis, thus reducing the degree of myopia to a certain extent. The mechanism of the surgery is: 1. Mechanical strengthening of the posterior sclera, the implanted material will gradually merge with the recipient sclera eventually, stopping the progression of myopia by preventing the expansion of the eye and the lengthening of the eye axis. 2. Forming a new vascular network in the sclera, enhancing blood circulation in the choroid and retina, exciting the optic cells, activating bioelectricity and improving visual acuity. 3.It acts as a local stimulation to the sclera, which is equivalent to biological tissue therapy. Posterior scleral reinforcement is suitable for controlling progressive lengthening of the eye axis in high myopia, especially in adolescents with high myopic eye axis length over 25 mm, myopic refraction deepening over 1.00D per year, the presence of posterior scleral chylomalacia and the presence of retinal degeneration. It is worth mentioning that this surgery does not significantly improve visual acuity, but is meant to stop the development of high myopia and prevent eye damage caused by high myopia. Therefore, if parents have high myopia, they should give their children a dilated eye exam as soon as possible, and once they find that their myopia is deepening and high myopia is manifesting, they should take surgery as soon as possible to save their children’s vision.