Hematuria is one of the common symptoms in urology. Its usually presented as the patient’s chief complaint. We will take you through the following to recognize hematuria.
Hematuria includes both flesh-eye and microscopic hematuria. Naked eye hematuria is generally defined as 1L of urine containing at least 1ml of blood; microscopic hematuria is at least 3 red blood cells per high magnification view under the microscope. There is no difference in clinical indication between the two.
There are many causes of hematuria, and when you have hematuria you also need to clarify the following issues.
I. Whether it is accompanied by systemic systemic diseases.
1. blood-related diseases: leukemia, reoccurrence, etc.
2, whether oral anticoagulant drugs, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, etc.
3, abdominal diseases, such as acute appendicitis, acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, inflammation of the colon or tumors.
4, even diabetes mellitus and hypertension can also present hematuria.
5, kidney-related diseases, such as glomerulonephritis.
Second, the time of appearance of hematuria.
1.Initial hematuria, i.e., hematuria that appears at the beginning of urination, usually suggesting urethral and bladder neck diseases.
2.Terminal hematuria, which usually suggests diseases of the bladder triangle, bladder neck and prostatic urethra.
Third, the concomitant symptoms of hematuria.
1.If accompanied by urinary tract irritation symptoms, such as urinary frequency, urinary urgency or even slight pain. then it suggests urinary tract infection.
2.If accompanied by severe back pain, it suggests urinary stones, urinary tumors, etc.
3. Painless hematuria is suggestive of kidney tumor, kidney stone, kidney tuberculosis, polycystic kidney, renal pelvis tumor, etc.
4. With or without blood clots.
Irregular shape of blood clot suggests prostate bladder bleeding; if the clot is long, it suggests that the clot originates from kidney and ureter.
V. Renal vascular disease.
In conclusion, hematuria may suggest that the body is in a disease state or it may be physiological. The most important tests to be completed after hematuria are urinary routine and urological ultrasound. In the absence of obvious abnormalities in the above-mentioned patients, young patients can be reviewed regularly, and enhanced CT of the urinary tract is required for recurrence; in middle-aged and elderly patients, enhanced CT of the urinary tract is immediately recommended.