Bypass surgery only solves the patient’s current myocardial ischemia problem, but does not completely cure the cause of coronary artery disease, and therefore cannot prevent the further development of coronary atherosclerosis, that is to say, after the bypass surgery, the vessels that were not narrowed originally and the bridged vessels may be narrowed or blocked again, leading to the recurrence of angina pectoris. The time between restenosis occurs varies from person to person, depending on the condition and degree of disease of the patient’s own coronary vessels, the quality of the saphenous vein used as bridge material, the presence of other underlying diseases, and the effectiveness of postoperative treatment for the cause of coronary artery disease (did you stop smoking strictly? Is the weight controlled? Dietary control? Whether hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia are well controlled), and so on. More recent findings indicate that a significant number of patients are resistant to antiplatelet drugs such as aspirin and poliovirus, in other words, these two drugs, which are the most critical for maintaining the usual rate of bridges in the long term, do not work in some patients. As a result, exacerbation of lesions in vessels that were not bypassed, as well as stenosis or even occlusion of the bridged vessel, may occur in a very small number of patients just a few months after surgery. Therefore, after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, patients should not have a relaxed attitude, thinking that they are cured and have no more problems, and they can do whatever they want, and they can’t even insist on taking their medication. I always tell my patients that bypass surgery is like I unclogged the drain in your house, if you don’t pay attention in the future, or keep throwing dirty things into it, then we will meet soon. I hope that patients will pay enough attention to this and realize that the long-term effects of bypass have a great deal to do with whether or not you can actively cooperate with the treatment after you are discharged from the hospital. After discharge from the hospital, you still need to take long-term medication, and active treatment and control of coronary heart disease susceptibility factors, such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, etc., can effectively prevent the further development of coronary heart disease, and avoid angina pectoris recurrence. If active treatment can be achieved, the vast majority of patients can live symptom-free and high-quality life for quite a long time, even decades. The 10-year patency rate for venous bridges is generally considered to be 50%, arterial bridges usually have a higher rate, and the long-term patency rate for internal mammary artery bridges can even reach 95%. Why don’t all bridges use arterial material? Due to the limited number of arteries in the body that can be used for bridging, and some arteries are not suitable for bridging because they are prone to spasm, their lumen is too thin, they are difficult to access and damage, or they are diseased. Even if there is a blockage of the bridging vessel, there is no need to worry too much. Some patients who have had four bridges built have had three blocked after the operation, and only one artery is bridged, which is not necessarily life-threatening, and there are not even any symptoms, and the quality of life will not be affected. That’s because there is collateral traffic between the three major blood vessels of the heart, and most of the own vessels or bridge vessels are chronically occluded in a process in which more collateral circulation is established. And with the continuous development of medical technology, even if angina recurs, there are now appropriate treatments to cope with it, such as placing a stent in the bridging vessel, or reopening the surgery, etc. It is possible, and in a large cardiac center, the risk is not much increased compared to when the first surgery was performed.