Sedentary Sedentary is by far the most common bad lifestyle habit. A significant decline in semen quality occurs in those who are sedentary for more than eight hours a day for more than one year. For those who have been sedentary for more than three years, semen quality is low in about 46 percent of cases. Meanwhile, studies have also found that changing lifestyle habits, abandoning sedentary behavior, increasing physical activity, and exercising every day (brisk or slow walking, running, swimming, ball games, etc.) are beneficial to improving sperm quality. Smoking Cigarette smoke contains mutagenic substances that cause mutations in spermatozoa, which can not only cause damage to the genetic material of somatic cells, but also affect the maturation and proliferation of germ cells through the blood-testis barrier, leading to an increase in sperm DNA strand breaks and a higher rate of sperm deformities. Data show that smoking has a greater impact on the percentage of normal morphology spermatozoa. The difference between the percentage of normal morphology spermatozoa in smokers and non-smokers was significant. The percentage of sperm with amorphous heads was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Long-term smoking can also cause a decrease in sperm density and viability and an increase in sperm deformities. Nicotine and other substances in smoke have the effect of reducing the secretion of sex hormones and killing sperm, directly affecting spermatogenesis. Heavy smoking can also cause constriction of penile arteries, testicular and epididymal hemodynamic changes, affecting spermatogenesis and maturation. Smoking 21-30 cigarettes a day, the sperm deformity rate increased significantly, sperm survival rate of only 49%; the longer the smoking time the higher the sperm deformity rate. The longer the smoking time, the higher the rate of sperm deformities. If the husband smokes more than 10 cigarettes, the prenatal mortality rate of the fetus may increase. The birth rate of congenital malformations in wives of husbands who smoke is 2.5 times higher than in non-smokers. Long-term smoking may also lead to decreased androgen production. Alcoholism Ethanol has a significant detrimental effect on sperm density, vitality, viability, morphology and fertilization. The degree of damage is closely related to the age at which alcohol consumption begins, the amount of alcohol consumed and its duration. Long-term heavy drinking can lead to alcoholism, causing testicular atrophy, loss of libido, increased sperm deformities, and decreased sperm count and density. Chronic alcoholism has a sperm survival rate of less than 80% and a sperm abnormality rate of up to 83%, and the harm caused by drinking before the age of 18 is significantly greater than that caused by adults who drink after the age of 18. Ethanol may indirectly affect sperm by affecting the synthesis of sex hormones, or directly damage the testicular seminiferous epithelial cells, causing degenerative changes in the gonads, reduced spermatogenesis and even atrophy of the testes. Ethanol also has a direct effect on spermatozoa, which can cause morphological changes in spermatozoa, including head detachment, mid-neck swelling, tail curling and sperm agglutination. Dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular gonadal axis caused by alcohol consumption can lead to testicular atrophy, sperm initiation, differentiation, development, and abnormalities in their number, morphology and function. Inappropriate frequency of sexual intercourse Appropriate frequency of sexual intercourse is not only conducive to the physiological health and psychological balance of both men and women, but also improves the quality of semen and increases the chances of conception. However, too frequent sexual intercourse will reduce the density and quantity of sperm and affect the conception of the spouse, not like what some friends mistakenly believe that “only hard work will yield results”; of course, too few sexual intercourse will also affect the conception of the spouse; in addition, prolonged periods of non-intercourse or non-ejaculation, sperm vitality and fertilization will also decline, not the longer you abstain from sex, the better the quality of the sperm. WHO recommends that the quality of semen after 2-7 days of abstinence is the best indicator of a man’s true fertility at this stage. Poor diet A rich diet can provide all kinds of protein, calcium, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, magnesium, VitA and VitE, which are essential for sperm production. If you are partial to food, you may be deficient in these essential substances, resulting in reduced sperm count and quality. Prolonged zinc/selenium deficiency can lead to reduced male fertility, decreased sperm count, increased malformation rate, and increased risk of malformation of the embryo. Foods rich in zinc include walnuts, pig liver, soybeans, green vegetables, dried seaweed, peanut rice, shrimp, cuttlefish and so on. Research has confirmed that proper supplementation of zinc and selenium can increase sperm vitality, improve sperm morphology and increase fertilization capacity. Overwork, long-distance cycling The perineum and scrotum are in a state of extrusion for a long time, on the one hand, affecting the secretion of the prostate and seminal vesicle glands; on the other hand, the testicles are in a state of prolonged ischemia, or even minor trauma. These can affect the quality of semen. Frequent masturbation Masturbation is a common masturbation behavior for unmarried youth and men living apart, but frequent masturbation can lead to neurasthenia, premature ejaculation, decreased semen quality, or penile erectile dysfunction. Unhealthy psychological state Excessive psychological pressure, prolonged exposure to excessive tension, depression, anxiety, pessimism and sadness can lead to decreased semen quality, spermatogenic dysfunction, and lower conception rates.